tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-56918777896417810132024-03-13T21:07:28.862-05:00Climate Change Task Force, formerly Carbon Caps Task ForceOMNI's Carbon Caps Task Force is now called the Climate Change Task Forceaubuniquehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14281865213176006571noreply@blogger.comBlogger364125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5691877789641781013.post-28553765485583543132013-03-22T18:58:00.002-05:002013-03-22T18:58:35.690-05:00Walkers getting a new way to generate electricity called 'Crowd Sourcing'<br />
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“Crowd Sourcing” Energy Production</h1>
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A company in Great Britain recently installed special tiles which generate electricity when pedestrians walk on them. The generated electricity can be used to light up the pavers themselves using high-efficiency light emitting diodes (LEDs) or wired to remote lighting or even be fed into the electrical grid.</div>
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An engineer by the name of Laurence Kemball-Cook came up with the idea and has established a company to exploit this technology. His company <a href="http://www.pavegen.com/" style="border: 0px; color: #21759b; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank" title="pavegen">Pavegen</a> manufactures tiles which are made of a combination of recycled concrete and rubber from recycled tires.<br /><a href="http://ozarker.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/green-paving-slab.jpg" style="border: 0px; color: #21759b; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><img alt="green-paving-slab" class="alignright size-medium wp-image-125" height="279" src="http://ozarker.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/green-paving-slab-300x279.jpg" style="border-bottom-left-radius: 3px; border-bottom-right-radius: 3px; border-top-left-radius: 3px; border-top-right-radius: 3px; border: 0px; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.199219) 0px 1px 4px; float: right; height: auto; margin: 0.857142857rem 0px 0.857142857rem 1.714285714rem; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="300" /></a></div>
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When one of the tiles is stepped on, the surface is slightly compressed about a 1⁄5 of an inch. This compression is converted to electricity via the piezoelectric effect (pronounced PIE-EE-ZO).</div>
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Actually, the work done to deform a crystal is converted to electrical energy. The effect is taken advantage in the igniters in stoves, barbeque grills, and cigarette lighters. The reverse effect functions to create the timing device in quartz watches. In this case an electric current is used to make the quartz crystal deform, that is vibrate. The frequency of the vibration is used to measure time.</div>
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This technology has applications wherever there is pedestrian traffic, indoor or out as the tiles are waterproof. Pavegen is currently installing its device in a pedestrian area adjacent to the stadium in London which will host the Olympic games this summer. Tens of thousands of foot falls will light up an adjacent mall. Numerous other applications of the technology include shopping malls, playgrounds, airports and train stations and urban sidewalks.<br /><a href="http://ozarker.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/how-they-generate-electricity.png" style="border: 0px; color: #21759b; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><img alt="how-they-generate-electricity" class="alignright size-medium wp-image-124" height="161" src="http://ozarker.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/how-they-generate-electricity-300x161.png" style="border-bottom-left-radius: 3px; border-bottom-right-radius: 3px; border-top-left-radius: 3px; border-top-right-radius: 3px; border: 0px; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.199219) 0px 1px 4px; float: right; height: auto; margin: 0.857142857rem 0px 0.857142857rem 1.714285714rem; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="300" /></a></div>
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If the piezoelectric tiles were placed in highways they could generate energy to power street lights, traffic control signals, etc. The energy could power devices which could warn motorists of the presence of ice on bridges and overpasses. The power could conceivably be used to warm the surface enough to prevent icing in winter.</div>
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Another application of the piezoelectric effect is being developed for shoes and clothing. The military has experimented with piezoelectric boots which could power personal gps devices for battlefield management. Civilian technology could include piezoelectric clothing — say a jacket or pair of pants which when worn and thus in motion could generate energy to charge a cell phone, a music player or even a portable computer. Until the advent of nanotechnology this has not been possible because the piezoelectric electric materials were too brittle to be woven into fabrics.</div>
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The solution to our waning supplies of fossil fuels and the attendant problem of global warming from the use of those fuels will require many ideas big and small to create clean energy and a sustainable future. All this energy from piezoelectric devices is not free. It comes from energy expended by the people wearing or stepping on them. In our overweight society, however, that may not be a bad thing.</div>
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aubuniquehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14281865213176006571noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5691877789641781013.post-89040864384807158822012-10-27T10:30:00.003-05:002012-10-27T10:31:52.500-05:00Mayor Lioneld Jordan and Ward 2 Alderman Matthew Petty endorsed for reelection by Ozark Headwaters Group of Arkansas Sierra Club<br />
<span style="font-family: 'Arial,Bold'; font-size: 12pt;">Sierra Club Endorses Lioneld Jordan for Mayor, Matthew Petty for Ward 2</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: 'Arial'; font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: 'Arial'; font-size: 12pt;">The Sierra Club's Ozark Headwaters Group has endorsed Lioneld Jordan for Mayor of Fayetteville and Matthew Petty for Ward 2 Alderman in the November 6 election.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: 'Arial'; font-size: 12pt;">“During </span><span style="font-family: 'Arial'; font-size: 12pt;">our endorsement process,” </span><span style="font-family: 'Arial'; font-size: 12pt;">said Chairman Aubrey Shepherd, “Mayor </span><span style="font-family: 'Arial'; font-size: 12pt;">Jordan stood out for his vision, temperament, and effective leadership in working with the City Council to enact important ordinances. During his current term in </span><span style="font-family: 'Arial'; font-size: 12pt;">office, Fayetteville adopted the state’s first </span><span style="font-family: 'Arial'; font-size: 12pt;">Low-Impact Development Ordinance, </span><span style="font-family: 'Arial'; font-size: 12pt;">the state’s first Energy Efficient Residential Building Code, and the state’s first </span><span style="font-family: 'Arial'; font-size: 12pt;">Streamside Protection Ordinance. In addition, he secured state and federal grant funds to open the Green Jobs Training Center in Fayetteville and establish the Energy Efficiency Revolving Loan Fund to help local non-profit groups make improvements to their buildings. Jordan is a member of the Sierra Club and has twice been named the Outstanding Local Government Official by the Sierra Club of </span><span style="font-family: 'Arial'; font-size: 12pt;">Arkansas.”</span><br />
<span style="font-family: 'Arial'; font-size: 12pt;">“While both Jordan and Coody bring environmental credentials to the race,” he </span><span style="font-family: 'Arial'; font-size: 12pt;">added, </span><span style="font-family: 'Arial'; font-size: 12pt;">“the </span><span style="font-family: 'Arial'; font-size: 12pt;">Sierra Club believes Lioneld Jordan has a more impressive record of environmental accomplishments and a stronger ability to involve residents and mobilize people for practical action that will help keep Fayetteville a great place </span><span style="font-family: 'Arial'; font-size: 12pt;">to live, work, and raise a family.”</span><br />
<span style="font-family: 'Arial'; font-size: 12pt;">“Ward </span><span style="font-family: 'Arial'; font-size: 12pt;">2 Alderman Matthew Petty, during his first term on the City Council, consistently considered the environmental impact of all proposals and offered fresh ideas for making our community more livable. He co-sponsored </span><span style="font-family: 'Arial'; font-size: 12pt;">the City’s </span><span style="font-family: 'Arial'; font-size: 12pt;">new Energy Efficient Residential Building Code,” </span><span style="font-family: 'Arial'; font-size: 12pt;">noted Shepherd. “As </span><span style="font-family: 'Arial'; font-size: 12pt;">a member of the Street Committee, he has been a vocal advocate for expanding trails and sidewalks and for adding additional bicycle lanes on existing city streets.”</span><br />
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Petty is<span style="font-family: Times; font-size: 12px;"> </span>a former Chairman of the OHG Sierra Club’s Executive Committee. His priorities are reducing sprawl, improving alternative transportation, and expanding recycling to increase the diversion rate of solid waste from landfills.</div>
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In making this decision, Sierra Club members began looking carefully at the major candidates in September, reviewing records and responses to questionnaires this month. The endorsements are based on candidate responses to the Sierra Club questionnaire, records of achievements in office, and individual history of working with the Club on key environmental issues. The specific issues on the questionnaires included water quality, energy conservation, transportation, and recycling.</div>
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“We reserve our political endorsements for candidates we believe will be outstanding advocates of natural-resource conservation and, more importantly, who can work effectively to achieve actual results,” Shepherd said. “Our endorsements are for individuals who have shown a deep commitment to environmental protection to ensure a better quality of life for all by protecting the health and safety of our residents."</div>
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Both candidates received unanimous support from the Executive Committee and the Political Committee.</div>
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The Sierra Club is dedicated to the preservation, protection, and exploration of the earth’s natural environment. The non-profit environmental organization founded in 1892 has approximately 3,000 members in Arkansas and 1,100 members in the Ozark Headwaters Group region of Northwest Arkansas.<br />
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aubuniquehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14281865213176006571noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5691877789641781013.post-3045146269426392172012-07-07T08:29:00.001-05:002012-07-07T08:29:08.965-05:00Joanna Pollock shares joy of nature with members of OMNI 350<iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/_WfAP2uL5Wk" width="560"></iframe>aubuniquehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14281865213176006571noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5691877789641781013.post-29978566150792249642012-03-28T15:11:00.000-05:002012-03-28T15:11:00.756-05:00Fracking for natural gas in Arkansas: The view from a working farm in Sebastian County tonight at Fayetteville Public LIbrary: See preview clip below<div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="360" src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/65YPWS8edM8" width="480"></iframe></div></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><br />
</div></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><br />
</div></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">Sierra Club’s March Member Event will be on March 28, 6:00-7:45 pm, at the Fayetteville Public Library, in the Walker Room. Our speaker will be Jack White who will talk about fracking and his personal experiences with fracking, involving his wife’s health and the homestead where he planned to spend his golden years.</div></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><br />
</div></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">The Free Weekly <a href="http://arkansasgotfracked.blogspot.com/2011/11/arkansas-farmers-dreams-ended-by.html">blog account </a>of the Mary and Jack White's horror story of life near a tracking site.</div></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><br />
</div></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">For a preview of White's likely comments at FPL see this YOU TUBE video from October 24, 2011.</div></div>aubuniquehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14281865213176006571noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5691877789641781013.post-42890788153446927662012-01-27T12:04:00.016-06:002012-01-30T00:06:36.216-06:00Dr. Robert McAfee, a Ph.D. climatologist, documents global climate change and urges people to work for more protective environmental laws<iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="360" src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/XU7VcqIAyVA" width="640"></iframe><br />
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<iframe width="640" height="360" src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/gpirVJEETzA" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe>aubuniquehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14281865213176006571noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5691877789641781013.post-9586384564836084132011-09-25T10:38:00.000-05:002011-09-25T10:38:03.313-05:00Many photos from Moving Planet Day available at link below<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">Moving Planet Day at <a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/7295307@N02/sets/72157626658182363/">University of Arkansas' campus arboretum on Old Main</a> lawn photos on Flickr.</div>aubuniquehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14281865213176006571noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5691877789641781013.post-48409122950545921012011-09-24T08:56:00.002-05:002011-09-24T08:56:40.571-05:00Fayetteville Environmental Action Committee meeting of 15 September 2011<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><object height="360" width="640"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/oqA5BrhRfU8?version=3&hl=en_US"></param><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"></param><param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"></param><embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/oqA5BrhRfU8?version=3&hl=en_US" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" width="640" height="360" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true"></embed></object></div>aubuniquehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14281865213176006571noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5691877789641781013.post-4410894998382897062011-09-18T12:57:00.000-05:002011-09-18T12:57:42.217-05:00EAARTH by Bill McKibben featured in 2 p.m. Sunday September 18, 2011, program of the Climate Change Book Series at Fayetteville Public Library: Read Louise Mann's comments, please<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif;"><div align="center" class="ecxMsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: small;">After reading it, I understand why novelist Barbara Kingsolver was so adamant that everyone pick up Bill McKibben’s book, <u>Eaarth</u>. </span></div><div align="center" class="ecxMsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: small;">Yes, it is spelled with two “a”s. He’s making the point that we are not living on the same earth on to which we were born.</span></div><div class="ecxMsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: small;">Some local noticeable changes include the ice storm of 2009, which cost Fayetteville 5.5 million dollars. The flood of 2011 cost us 1.2 million dollars. Another change, Fayetteville now has an Emergency Operations plan. </span></div><div class="ecxMsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: small;">Last Sunday’s paper had an article about cattle being sold early because there wasn’t enough hay to continue feeding. The hay shortage is due to drought. <span> </span>This year my family lost a cotton crop when the Mississippi River swallowed it with 8 feet of water. <span> </span>We also lost another field to a straight wind. And who would’ve thought a hurricane would cause so much damage in Vermont?</span></div><div class="ecxMsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: small;">Beginning Sunday, September<span> </span>18 at 2:00 Fayetteville Public Library will be hosting a Climate Change Book Series. The books will vary in content from those with a science background to ones with a layperson’s perspective. McKibben’s book, the September read, is a good orientation for those new to the topic. </span></div><div class="ecxMsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: small;">The November book is written by a mother discussing how to run a household on this new Eaarth. What happens to grocery prices when food crops are subject to frequent and severe flooding and drought? What happens when insurance payouts can’t keep up with claims?</span></div><div class="ecxMsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: small;">The book discussion will be complemented by information regarding actions you can take now on everything from lifestyle to legislation. As with any crisis there is opportunity. The people who are smart enough to get educated about climate change and make appropriate plans for their families, their businesses, and their communities will be the winners on this new Eaarth. </span></div></span></span></span></div>aubuniquehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14281865213176006571noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5691877789641781013.post-76532297936275102092011-09-15T09:31:00.000-05:002011-09-15T09:31:20.952-05:00Minutes of recent meeting of Climate Change Task Force<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><span style="color: black; font-family: verdana,arial; font-size: xx-small;"><center><table bgcolor="#ffffff" id="ecxVWPLINK" style="width: 595px;"><tbody>
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<tr><td align="left" bgcolor="#f5f5f5" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 8pt; padding: 10px; text-align: left;"> <div align="center" style="margin-bottom: 0px; text-align: center;"><img align="left" alt="2011 350 newsletter masthead" border="0" height="27" hspace="5" src="http://ih.constantcontact.com/fs025/1102918551993/img/295.jpg" style="text-align: left;" vspace="5" width="125" /></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 30px;"><span>A Newsletter of the OMNI Center for Peace, Justice & Ecology's - Climate Change Task </span><span>Force which is dedicated to the education about the impacts of C02 in Earth's atmosphere and the </span><span>urgent need to cap and reduce CO2 emissions NOW! at levels below 350 PPM.</span>The </div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 30px;"> Climate Change Task Force Newsletter. </div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 30px;"> <a href="http://r20.rs6.net/tn.jsp?llr=zncdrfdab&et=1107631320688&s=34&e=001ZteA84eim_-yaRDbw25vf8TnzDpQ4nlk66jUiNqbVMLUaaGQvAe_3wE_3f9CFmBesR33MJPXYRUia_RRHAWDgqtIhbpeODOw_2VBZBrzaV_zKTsQULWCUOClnYxC3uz3iPMDpjq3h4E=" shape="rect" style="color: blue; text-decoration: underline;" target="_blank">Read the current or archived issues. </a></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 8pt; text-align: left;"> <div style="font-size: 10pt;"><b>Dear Aubrey,</b></div><div style="font-size: 10pt;"><strong> <a href="" name="BACKTOTOP" shape="rect" target="_blank"><img alt="BACKTOTOP" src="https://imgssl.constantcontact.com/ui/images1/s.gif" title="BACKTOTOP" /></a></strong></div><div style="font-size: 10pt;"><strong> </strong></div><div style="font-size: 10pt;"><strong>Below are the minutes from the last CCTF meeting. Thanks to Shelley Buonaiuto for serving as our recording secretary.</strong></div><div style="font-size: 10pt;"><strong> </strong></div><div style="font-size: 10pt;"><strong>Nathan Wilson & Robert McAfee</strong></div><div style="font-size: 10pt;"><strong>Co-Chairs, CCTF </strong></div><div style="font-size: 10pt;"><strong> </strong></div><div align="center" style="font-size: 11pt; text-align: center;"><strong>MINUTES of September 11, 2011 Meeting</strong></div><div align="center" style="font-size: 11pt; text-align: center;"><strong> </strong> </div><div align="center" style="font-size: 11pt; text-align: center;"><strong>Next Meeting: October 2, 2011</strong></div><div style="font-size: 11pt;"> <div> <div align="left" style="font-size: 11pt; text-align: left;"><br />
</div><div style="font-size: 11pt;"> <div> <div> <div><span><span> <div style="margin-bottom: 0px;">Introduction; Robert McAfee</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;">Attendees: Robert McAfee, Solomon Aydani, Megan Wallace, Keaton Smith, Shelley</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;">and Michael Buonaiuto, Joanna Pollock, John Rule, Mikel Lolley, Dick Bennett, Gladys</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;">Tiffany, Karen Takemoto, Quinn Montana, Marilyn Shoffitt, Nathan Wilson, Linda</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;">Farrell, Shannon Joyce</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;">Announcements:</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;">1. OMNI Peace Heroes Award Banquet, Sat. Oct 17<span>th,</span> </div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><br />
</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;">2. Book Forum on Climate Change, Sept, 18<span>th,</span></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><br />
</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;">3. Climate Change Task Force, Sunday 10/2/11, 1:30 PM, at OMNI building.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;">Showing "Home" by Yann Arthus-Bertrand, composed of aerial shots of earth</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;">showing the diversity of life and how humanity is threatening the ecological</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;">life of the planet.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><br />
</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;">4. Al Gore' Climate Reality Project, will kick off on Sept. 14-15 with a "4 hours</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;">of reality"event. There will be one hour of presentation and discussion airing</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;">at 8 am, in each time zone around the world, one time zone at a time. Robert</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;">will make it available to Fayetteville this fall.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><br />
</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;">5. The Green Economy Group meets the first Friday of every month at 8 am.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><br />
</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;">6. Carlos and Audrey Velasquez present program on impact of global warming</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;">on the Inuit, First Sunday in Nov., 11/6/11 at CCTF meeting. Inuit society has</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;">been destroyed because of vanishing ice.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><br />
</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;">7. Online journal, 350 PPM is seeking contributions for online announcements.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><br />
</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;">8. Mark Pryor will be in Fayetteville at the Senior Center near Walker Park next</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;">Wednesday. Go to express support for green initiatives. (Pryor' site:</div></span><span>Episcopal Church, Parish Hall.</span><span>Fayetteville Library, discussing Eaarth by Bill McKibben.</span><span> <div style="margin-bottom: 0px;">http://pryor.senate.gov/public/index.cfm?p=Energy </div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><br />
</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><br />
</div></span><span> <div style="margin-bottom: 0px;">Minutes summarized and approved.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><br />
</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;">Action items:</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;">1. Letter to Gov. Beebe - (attached below) - Mikel Lolley:</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;">The Colorado Playbook for their successful initiative involved 4 factors:</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;">A citizen's ballot initiative asking two simple questions: 1. Would you</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;">support clean energy legislation and 2. Would you be willing to pay</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;">slightly more for clean energy?</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><br />
</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;">2. An enlightened CEO crack the solidarity of the utilities, by finding the</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;">specific differences between the companies and driving a wedge between</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;">to get them to break ranks.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><br />
</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;">3. A broad and diverse coalition to represent the whole state. The CFC</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;">(Citizen's First Congress) and APPP (Arkansas Public Policy Panel)</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;">already have inroads into South Arkansas.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><br />
</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;">4. A well populated rally on the steps of the capitol, offering the legislators</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;">cover to vote in favor of the initiative.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;">We decided to write a letter to Gov. Beebe without specifics or anything</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;">divisive, that would encourage action on an energy plan as part of the</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;">governor's economic development plan. We plan to get signatures from every</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;">district in the state. There has been no solid information coming out of the</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;">energy office about this plan and we have to rely on the infrastructure. Chris</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;">Bensen, the energy advisor who answers to Maria Haley of the Economic</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;">Development Commission, came to talk to the Green Economy Group about</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;">the plan but gave no specifics. An Arkansas Economic Development plan with</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;">a strong energy component will be Gov. Beebe's legacy, and will be packaged</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;">for 2013. Our letter should be a show of support, not a petition. It should</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;">demonstrate awareness of the legislator's need to create jobs. Ar has to</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;">recognize that new construction is not coming back but people can be put</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;">back to work with retrofits, insulation, HVAC jobs.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><br />
</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;">Suggestion to go through University System for signatures, there are</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;">representatives from all over the state, and specifically architecture and</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;">engineering students could be affected.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><br />
</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;">Suggestions to emphasize "Efficiency, Conservation, Jobs creation and</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;">Education" in bold in first bullet point heading.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><br />
</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;">Mikel: The possible realities are</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;">1. Nothing happens from the letter.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;">2. The entire state legislature is up for reelection and no matter how good</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;">the economic development plan if he can't get it past the house and</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;">senate it's worthless.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;">3. We have to try to populate the legislature with people favorable to an</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;">energy policy including incentives for retrofits. Uvalde is already</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;">speaking about PACE and an energy policy.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;">4. We should get the college kids to ask their legislators if they will support</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;">Gov. Beebe's energy plan. (assuming it includes the initiatives and</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;">incentives for efficiency and conservation we are asking for) Joanna and</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><br />
</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;">Shannon will alert the RSO leaders to spread the word about getting</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;">signatures on the letter in their home districts.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><br />
</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;">We won't know our legislators til 2012, so we have to educate the voters.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;">and we need a mechanism for this.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><br />
</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;">Uvalde and Greg approve of the letter as written.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><br />
</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;">Suggestion: give letter to students on Moving Planet Day, tie it in with</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;">Thanksgiving for them to take home and get signatures. 10 each.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;">Question: Who will be archivist for letters? Hubs could be the Green</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;">Economy Group, CCTF, U of A.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;">Discussion about legitimacy of signatures and possible notarization. Decision</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;">to keep it simple, and have signatures on back of copies of the letter. There</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;">can be a continuous stream of letter submissions, not all at one time.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;">Decision to add "as a component of a comprehensive economic development</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;">plan in introduction, after SEP. Also take out last sentence about carbon costs</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;">in bullet point 2. (completed in attached letter).</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><br />
</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;">1. Letter will be distributed to university students and businesses. The time</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;">frame to have them back and delivered to Governor by Dec. 1.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;">2. Once Keaton does the rewrite he will send to USGBC, OMNI.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;">3. Possible use of Docusign online. Will contact Ryan Bancroft about</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;">technique. </div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><br />
</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><br />
</div></span><span> <div style="margin-bottom: 0px;">4. Post on FB, as a page to be "liked".</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;">ANNOUNCEMENTS:</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;">1. Moving Planet Day, Community Sustainability Fair, Sept, 24<span>th</span> </div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><br />
</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><br />
</div></span><span> <div style="margin-bottom: 0px;">Town Center at 9:30 to bicycle to Old Main or go to Old Main Lawn for gathering</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;">from 10 am - 2 am. Event initiated by Bill McKibben of 350.org. Mikel Lolley and</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;">Michelle Halsell will speak. Bring gently used items for freecycle, drop off from</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;">10:30-11, browse and take starts at noon. Activities, food and music. Can have table</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;">devoted to the letter to Gov. Beebe.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><br />
</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;">2. Carlos and Audrey Velasquez in Walker Room at Fayetteville library on Thursday,</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;">Nov. 3<span>rd </span></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><br />
</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;"> <span>3. Climate Change Challenge -Nathan Wilson.</span></div></span><span> </span><span> <div style="margin-bottom: 0px;">http://www.omnicenter.org/events/2011/2/28/climate-change-challenge.html</div></span><span> <div style="margin-bottom: 0px;">Please fill out the questions on the Climate Change Challenge to earn points toward</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;">a trip to South Africa.</div></span><span> <div style="margin-bottom: 0px;">Here is a link directly to the Contest Page: </div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><br />
</div></span><span>points/</span><span> <div style="margin-bottom: 0px;">Also, <span>http://www.practicallygreen.com/ </span></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><br />
</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><br />
</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;">about 400+ action items and they are pretty neat.</div></span><span>you are and compare yourself with Facebook friends or other members. Its got</span><span> <div style="margin-bottom: 0px;">4.Please support OMNI, the CFC and the APPP financially. The CFC is our lobbying</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;">arm in the legislature.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;">5. Report on violations of water quality by natural gas drilling companies available.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;">6. Many thanks to Linda Farrell for bringing healthy delicious food.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><br />
</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;">Respectfully submitted,</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;">Shelley Buonaiuto</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><br />
</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;">LETTER:</div></span><span> <div style="margin-bottom: 0px;">Governor Mike Beebe</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;">State Capitol Room 250</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;">Little Rock, AR 72201</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><br />
</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;">SUBJECT: Economic Development and Energy Plan</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><br />
</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;">Dear Governor Beebe:</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;">Thank you for your leadership in directing the Arkansas Energy Office to leverage its</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;">expertise by creating an Energy Plan for Arkansas, as a component of a comprehensive</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;">Economic Development Plan.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;">We, the undersigned citizens, businesses, and institutions of Arkansas support a strong</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;">Energy Plan that cultivates the market certainty needed to attract private investment to our</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;">State. Such an Energy Plan acknowledges future economic growth, increased demand for</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;">energy, and finite natural resources. We propose the following as a potential framework for</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;">the Energy Plan:</div></span><b><i> </i></b> <div style="margin-bottom: 0px;">1. <strong>Education and Efficiency are Job Creators.</strong></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;">An initial focus on energy efficiency and conservation in the residential,</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;">commercial and industrial sectors will result in immediate economic</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;">benefits for homeowners, businesses, utilities and our State. Investments in</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;">Centers of Excellence can be leveraged to retool our idle construction sector,</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;">putting Arkansans to work helping families and businesses increase</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;">disposable income and profits, respectively. Energy dollars would be</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;">retained in the Arkansas economy.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><br />
</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><strong>2. Affordable and stable energy prices for the next 40 years.</strong></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;">Arkansas's businesses and residents will benefit from affordable and stable</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;">energy costs. Diversification of energy production away from finite,</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;">imported energy resources would insulate Arkansas's citizens and</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;">businesses from price shocks and market volatility.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><br />
</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><strong>3. Reliability of energy supplies for the next 40 years.</strong></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;">Reliability of our energy supplies for electricity production and for</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;">transportation is paramount. Designing for robustness by moving toward</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;">more diverse generation assets and homegrown energy sources will help</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;">mitigate the risk of supply chain disruptions, the consequences of which are</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;">potentially catastrophic.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><br />
</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><strong>4. Environmental and economic soundness.</strong></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;">As we anticipate our future energy portfolio, we must consider the full costs</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;">of all environmental impacts, since these are ultimately paid by society at</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;">large. Environmental goals should be specified and met, but this must be</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;">done in the most cost-effective manner to be truly sustainable policy. Lifecycle</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;">analysis and accepted metrics should be used to evaluate options and</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;">monitor performance.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><br />
</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;">We support your inclusion of these principles as the foundation for Arkansas' Energy Plan. Such a plan has the potential to be an outstanding legacy for your administration.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;">Time is of the essence. Whereas energy policy profoundly affects the economy of our</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;">State, we respectfully request that the formation of the Energy Plan proceed with all due</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;">urgency.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><br />
</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;">We welcome all future dialogue about the Plan, and stand ready to support and assist you</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;">where we may.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><br />
</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;">Thank you for your time and consideration,</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;">Signed,</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;">cc: Chris Benson, Maria Haley, Marc Harrison, etc.</div><b><b><b> </b> </b> </b></span></div></div></div></div></div></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><br />
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<tr bgcolor="#345e81" style="background-color: #345e81;"><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" width="19"><span> </span></td><td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 18pt; padding: 3px; text-align: left;"><b>Meeting Agenda</b></td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" bgcolor="#ffffff" colspan="1" rowspan="2" style="background-color: white; padding: 0pt; text-align: left;" valign="top" width="19"><img border="0" height="24" src="https://imgssl.constantcontact.com/letters/images/1101101060094/hisp-event1-bcrnr.gif" width="19" /></td></tr>
<tr><td align="left" bgcolor="#f5f5f5" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 8pt; padding: 10px; text-align: left;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Calibri'; font-size: 12pt;"> <div align="center" style="line-height: normal; text-align: center;"><b><a href="" name="Agenda" shape="rect" target="_blank"><img alt="Agenda" src="https://imgssl.constantcontact.com/ui/images1/s.gif" title="Agenda" /> </a>Climate Change Task Force Monthly Meeting</b></div><div align="center" style="line-height: normal; text-align: center;">7 August 2011, 1:30PM, </div><div align="center" style="line-height: normal; text-align: center;">OMNI House, 3274 N. Lee Ave., Fayetteville, AR</div><div align="center" style="line-height: normal; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div align="left" style="line-height: normal; text-align: center;"><b>Note: </b>At this meeting we will begin building a network of people who will participate in educating legislators about renewable energy, energy efficiency and sound energy policy for Arkansas. Please bring your cell phones and folks you know around the state. We will have maps of the Legislative Districts so you can locate your potential contacts in each district. Thank you.</div><span><span style="font: 7pt 'Times New Roman';"> </span>I.<span style="font: 7pt 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span>1:00 <span> </span><b>Welcome</b> <span> </span>Nathan Wilson-Robert McAfee,<br />
<span><span style="font: 7pt 'Times New Roman';"><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10pt;"> </span> </span>II.<span style="font: 7pt 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span>1:05<span> </span><b>Way of Work</b><span> </span>Louise Mann, Facilitator<br />
<span><span style="font: 7pt 'Times New Roman';"> </span>III.<span style="font: 7pt 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span>1:15 <span> </span><b>Move Beyond Fossil Fuels-350.org event,</b> 24 Sept 2011Nathan Wilson & Joanna Pollock<br />
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<span><span style="font: 7pt 'Times New Roman';"> </span>IV.<span style="font: 7pt 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span>1:30<span> </span><b>The Power of 10</b>: 18 month strategy for prep for the 2013 Legislative Session Robert & Louise<br />
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<span><span style="font: 7pt 'Times New Roman';"> </span>V.<span style="font: 7pt 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span>1:40 <span> </span><b>PANEL: An Economic Development, Clean Energy and Green Jobs Plan for Arkansas.</b> Renewable Energy, Energy Efficiency, PACE & REFITand more. Building the network to educate the Arkansas Legislature before and during the 2013 Session. Panel members will include Mikel Lolley, Keaton Smith, Orlo Stitt, and Gary Kahanak will The Panel will be moderated by Joanna Pollock.<br />
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<span><span style="font: 7pt 'Times New Roman';"> </span>VI.<span style="font: 7pt 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span>2:40<span> </span><b>The Power of 10!</b> Getting started on outreach and establishing the network.<br />
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<span><span style="font: 7pt 'Times New Roman';"> </span>VII.<span style="font: 7pt 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span>3:00<span> </span><b>Announcements</b><br />
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<span> </span><span>VIII.<span style="font: 7pt 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span>3:05<span> </span><b>Open Discussion</b> for those who wish to linger<span> </span><br />
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<span><span style="font: 7pt 'Times New Roman';"> </span>IX.<span style="font: 7pt 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span>3:30<span> </span><b>Adjourn<br />
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<div align="center" style="text-align: center;"><b><a href="http://sn135w.snt135.mail.live.com/mail/#BACKTOTOP" shape="rect" style="color: blue; text-decoration: underline;">BACK TO TOP</a></b></div></span></td></tr>
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<tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="font-family: Arial Black,Avant Garde;" width="19"> </td><td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="font-family: Arial Black,Avant Garde; text-align: left;"> <div style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><a href="" name="Article01" shape="rect" target="_blank"><img alt="Article01" src="https://imgssl.constantcontact.com/ui/images1/s.gif" title="Article01" /> </a>An Economic Development, Clean Energy, & </div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;">Green Jobs Plan for Arkansas</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt;">By Mikel Lolley, President, Treadwell Institute</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><br />
</div><img align="left" alt="green AR flag" border="0" height="119" hspace="5" src="http://ih.constantcontact.com/fs025/1102918551993/img/360.png" style="text-align: left;" vspace="5" width="180" /><h2><span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: normal;"><em>Enabling Legislation cultivates a climate of market certainty which attracts private investment</em></span></h2><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">Arkansas has an opportunity to go from the bottom six states with no energy plan whatsoever, to the top six states with an assertive enough plan that recognizes that "the times, they are a changing," Bob Dylan. </span></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">Economics 101 - early adopters that recognize and anticipate changes in market forces and create business models, shape policy and plan infrastructure around these forecasts, reap the greatest rewards and the steepest dividends. </span></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><br />
</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">We are in the midst of a major paradigm shift the likes of which the world has not seen in at least a century if not longer. Like all paradigm shifts before, it has been wrought out of necessity, a necessity to change. But, why now? Why not before now? Why not later? Paradigms shifts choose the timing; not institutions, not governments, not even the people get to chose when the revolution actually occurs. Paradigm shifts occur when a combination of forces align to conspire together to urge the status quo, the governments, the institutions, and the people of the day toward change. When the tools, the ideolologies and the institutions that had been developed in the previous paradigm are no longer useful at solving the new challenges of the new day, they begin to loose their relevance. We are there.</span></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><br />
</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;"><img align="right" alt="JFK Quote" border="0" height="250" hspace="5" src="http://ih.constantcontact.com/fs025/1102918551993/img/361.jpg" style="text-align: right;" vspace="5" width="450" />This new paradigm started 30 years ago with the recognition that for the first time in the modern human experience, we (humans) are entering a new age, an age defined by limits; limits on human population; limits on arable land; limits on available clean water and clean air; limits on natural resources; limits on energy as % of GDP; limits on healthcare as % of GDP; limits on C02 emissions; limits on just about everything and in every category we look. </span></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><br />
</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">Manifest in the environmental movement, resulting in the development of the 1<sup>st</sup> Earth Day, an oil embargo, the Environmental Protection Agency, and the Clean Air and Clean Water Acts of the 70's. </span></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">Now we find ourselves 40 years later in the worse market economy since the Great Depression, unemployment rates hovering at just under 10%, and at over 20% for the construction sector and for nearly three years now. What are we going to do about it?</span></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><br />
</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">Some states have adapted, and have recognized the profound changes coming our way. Whether we want to change is no longer an option. It's here. Those states that have immobilized, created the enabling legislation, and cultivated a climate of market certainty have attracted significant private investment and are seeing the benefits of jobs creation in the new Green Economy; jobs in Energy Efficiency, Renewable Energy, Clean Tech and Green Manufacturing. Arkansas needs to jump on this band wagon, follow suit and leverage investments and opportunities already made in our fair state.</span></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">Arkansas has the perfect alignment of planets setting up "the Natural State" for a monumental advancement in 2013, and taking us from no energy plan whatsoever, to a comprehensive Economic Development; Clean Energy; Green Jobs policy that can ensure that Arkansas is leading the way toward this new paradigm and guaranteeing that our fair state is in the strongest economic condition possible to afford ourselves the luxury and the privilege to contemplate the loftier intellectual pursuits of Politics, Philosophy, Art, Poetry and the fate of our states natural resources and of our planet. If Arkansas should maintain the status quo, we will impoverish our fair state and we will find ourselves so utterly preoccupied with survival with keeping food on the table and a roof over our heads that we will not afford ourselves the luxury of anything else, (Mazlow's Hierarchy of Need).</span></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><br />
</div><span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">Governor Beebe has asked the Arkansas Economic Development Office via Maria Haley and the Arkansas Energy Office via Chris Benson to develop an <b>'Energy Plan'</b> to be a part of his legislative <div style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">package. This plan is ambitious and is to be his lasting legacy for Arkansas as a term limited Governor, and having gone on the record with no expressed political aspirations after he wraps-up his 2<sup>nd</sup> term in 2013. This Energy Plan is to build off of his Knowledge Economic Development Plan rolled-out several years ago. Acknowledgement that education, re-education, and re-tooling the work force will prove a significant component as we move Arkansas into the new paradigm, and the new Green Economy.</span></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">We have several key State Legislators who have expressed a keen interest and even a commitment to sponsoring and actively advocating to their peers for a comprehensive Economic Development; Clean Energy; Green Jobs Plan in 2013.</span></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><br />
</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">We have begun to build a broad and diverse coalition of key stakeholders in Business Leaders, non profits, agencies and institutions who have expressed a strong desire to get together on message and intent and to push our elected officials for real progress for Arkansas with regards to a comprehensive plan going into 2013. Potential Coalition Groups recommending for an Energy Plan, but not limited to, below:</span></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><br />
</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">USGBC (US Green Building Council), Citizens First Congress, Arkansas Public Policy Panel, Fayetteville Forward Green Economy Group, Treadwell Institute, Interfaith Power & Light, Arkansas Small Business Leaders for a Clean Energy Economy, Arkansas Alternative Energy Commission, Sustainable Building Task Force, Audubon, Sierra Club, Pew Charitable Trusts, OMNI, and various enlightened Mayors from around the State.</span></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><br />
</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">We have identified systemic barriers in the old systems and institutions that have been self referential for decades and are thwarting the successful roll-out of the new Green Economy.</span></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><br />
</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;"><strong>Barriers identified as:</strong></span></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">1) A <b>Feed-in Tariff</b> that guarantees a fair price by mandate to renewable energy producers that could jump start the renewable energy sector via Solar PV, Solar Hot Water, Solar Thermal, Wind, Micro-hydro, and Biomass.</span></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">2) Alternative financing mechanisms, such as <b>PACE</b> for bonding scale and capacity to help pay for Energy Efficiency improvements.</span></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">3) Adoption of an updated and more relevant version of the state <b>Energy Code</b>, ie from 2003 to 2009. Statewide enforcement of this newer code would create demand in the emerging sector of energy efficiency, energy audits. Requiring an Energy Audit as a part of the inspection process for properties bought or sold would provide consumers the necessary information re: energy usage. Mandate a blower door test and a duct blast test prior to every close on any property transaction in the state.</span></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">4) Provide <b>state sales tax incentives</b> on equipment for Energy Efficiency or Renewable Energy Improvements.</span></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">5) Mandate that the multi-listing used by realtors include new <b>Energy Fields</b> that include energy usage information and an energy score for any property being bought and sold, similar to an Estimated Mileage sticker when buying a new car.</span></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">6) Mandate that appraisers and lenders provide appropriate <b>valuations for energy efficiency and renewable energy</b> lending and improvements.</span></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">7) Mandate <b>'best practices' and 'water protections' to driller's</b> fracking for natural gas, or fracking for oil, or strip mining for lignite, or for storage of coal ash.</span></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">8) Enhance the current <b>net metering</b> statute. </span></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">9) Create a <b>Loan Loss Reserve</b> to allow bonding capacity for financing a statewide <b>Revolving Loan Fund</b> to finance energy efficiency and renewable energy retrofits on existing buildings.</span></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><br />
</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;"><b>Follow the Colorado Play Book:</b></span><span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;"> they tried and failed three times to pass comprehensive economic development; clean energy; green jobs legislation. When asked, Governor Ritter and Tom Plant credit the passage on the fourth try to (4) four key elements:</span></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0.5in;"><span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;"><b>1)<span style="font: 7pt 'Times New Roman';"> </span></b></span><span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;"><b>A broad diverse coalition.</b></span></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0.5in;"><span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">2)<span style="font: 7pt 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span><span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;"><b>An enlightened Big Energy Exec.</b></span><span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;"> willing to break the glass ceiling of unity among the Big Energy Lobby.</span></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0.5in;"><span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">3)<span style="font: 7pt 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span><span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;"><b>A Clean Energy Rally</b></span><span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;"> populated by over 400 attendees on the steps of the State Capitol to demonstrate the public will and give the state legislators courage that they were in-fact representing their constituents and could afford to piss-off Big Energy.</span></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0.5in;"><span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">4)<span style="font: 7pt 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span><span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;"><b>A ballot initiative</b></span><span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">, whereby they asked the base questions: Would you support a Clean Energy Policy for the State of Colorado? Would you be willing to pay slightly more for your clean energy? The voting respondents overwhelming said yes to these two questions and this again gave insecure legislators the strength to break ranks with Big Energy and support legislation that was representative of the peoples will.</span></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0.5in;"><br />
</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">Once Colorado passed the enabling legislation they sent a message loud and clear to the private markets, <b>"we support the new green economy and we have the state statues and incentives to prove it."</b> Within the next couple of years they produced the following results:</span></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><br />
</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">1) They went from <b>40 Clean Energy Companies to over 400</b>, and even attracted a major wind manufacture from Europe to build a new manufacturing facility in Colorado.</span></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">2) They created <b>3500 direct clean energy jobs</b>, and in the worse market economy since the Great Depression. </span></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">3) They created <b>17,000 soft jobs</b> as a result of the 3500 direct jobs.</span></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">4) They encouraged <b>Big Coal to invest instead in Natural Gas conversions</b> for their aging coal plants and save in the tremendous upfront costs to upgrade with new scrubbers, but take advantage of an instate energy source in Natural Gas, and instead of importing coal from Wyoming.</span></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">There have been significant <b>investments already made within Arkansas</b> that can and should be leveraged to maximize a good return on these investments and ensure and guarantee their future success such as:</span></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">1) <b>The Centers for Excellence</b>, created in 2009 via federal ARRA funding, to retrain the construction sector in the areas of energy efficiency and renewable energy.</span></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">2) <b>The PSC dockets for Energy Efficiency</b> benchmarks for 25%, 50% and 75% by 2012, 2013 and 2014 respectively, and the rate increases approved by the PSC requested by the public utilities to off-set real costs associated with providing incentives to reach those benchmarks via aggressive incentives or rebate programs.</span></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">3) Governor Beebe has paved the way with his <b>Knowledge Based Economic Development Plan</b> that needs the Clean Energy; Green Jobs components added in to fully recognize the (3) three major components of any paradigm shift - (A). New market desire, (B). Education and re-tooling of the workforce, (C). Deployment and mass-market.</span></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">4) A nationally recognized <b>research university with a research / technology park.</b></span></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">In summary: the new paradigm, this new Green Economy will be utilizing the new tools of the day, such as, whole systems thinking and integration to arrive at the elegant and inclusive solutions that mimic what we find in the natural world. Correct the "Dilbert's" that are the all too familiar hallmarks of the previous century of self referential systems and institutions that have become preoccupied with greater and greater specialization to the point that the left hand doesn't know what the right had is doing. The new Green Economy has new tools via 'collaborative loops' powerful main frame computers, the internet and social networking sites that have allowed for a real integration of disciplines to help break down the silos of thought and problem solving and allow us to arrive more inclusive and elegant solutions to the monumental challenges that confront us today. <strong>Exciting times! </strong></span></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><br />
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</div><div align="center" style="margin-bottom: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;"><img alt="Green Jobs in America" border="0" height="248" hspace="5" src="http://ih.constantcontact.com/fs025/1102918551993/img/362.jpg" vspace="5" width="400" /></span></div></span></td></tr>
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<tr bgcolor="#345e81" style="background-color: #345e81;"><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" width="19"><span> </span></td><td align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="color: white; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 18pt; padding: 3px; text-align: left;"><b>2011 - 2013 CCTF Meeting Schedule</b></td></tr>
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<tr><td align="left" bgcolor="#f5f5f5" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #333333; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 8pt; padding: 10px; text-align: left;"> <div style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><a href="" name="Schedule" shape="rect" target="_blank"><img alt="Schedule" src="https://imgssl.constantcontact.com/ui/images1/s.gif" title="Schedule" /> </a>The Climate Change Task Force Meets on the first Sunday of each month at 1:30PM at the OMNI House, 3274 N. Lee Ave, Fayetteville, Arkansas. Except CCTF will meet on the second Sunday, September 2011, January 2012 and September 2012. More details about future meetings will appear below as they are finalized. Also other important dates are are included in this calendar.</span></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><br />
</div><div><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; text-decoration: underline;"><b>2011</b></span></div><div style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><strong>CCTF. Sunday, 7 August. </strong>Panel & Discussion: <em>An Economic Development, Clean Energy and Green Jobs Plan for Arkansas.</em> With members of Fayettevilles Green Economy Group: Joanna Pollock, Mikel Lolley, Gary Kahanak, Keaton Smith and Orlo Stitts. </span></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><br />
</div><div style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Come learn about how you can be part of the <strong>Power of 10.</strong></span></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><br />
</div><div style="font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0px;"><strong>CCTF. Sunday, 11 September. </strong><em>Moving Beyond Fossil Fuels. <a href="http://r20.rs6.net/tn.jsp?llr=zncdrfdab&et=1107631320688&s=34&e=001ZteA84eim_9tJDrUtfMKHvFgtI6ETOE-nLGXlx63-XtLCOCnOgnNun8pwp4okElBmUnoupM8e4uKpQkIBJI7oOJPStRIkZMzELThMBoM_ikLsvV0o6C2Vw==" shape="rect" style="color: blue; text-decoration: underline;" target="_blank">http://www.moving-planet.org/ </a>.</em>Join CCTF in preparations for the event on September 24th. Also CCTF will continue to mobilize for the <strong>Power of 10.</strong></div><div style="font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0px;"><br />
</div><div style="font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0px;"><strong>Saturday, 24 September. </strong><span lang="EN" style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: normal;"><a href="http://r20.rs6.net/tn.jsp?llr=zncdrfdab&et=1107631320688&s=34&e=001ZteA84eim_-74JO9twT1lY8aC8J3PkMTf7nUrr9gHtk9yV4vzJwXXVZlHACtO6jos_XVTQbxVk7NZWifiYDFdx9AfN8KLAjjulVnT7fCat_IzWRfUiUljsQ1lfjV3pyS" shape="rect" style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">A day to move beyond fossil fuels.</a></span><span style="color: black;"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: normal;"><strong>Moving Planet is a worldwide rally to demand solutions to the climate crisis</strong></span><span lang="EN" style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: normal;">-a single day to move away from fossil fuels. For too long, our leaders have denied and delayed, compromised and caved. That era must come to an end.Come on bike, on skates, on a board, or on foot. Come with your neighbors and your friends, your family and your co-workers. Come be part of something huge. It's time to get moving on the climate crisis.</span></span></div><div style="font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0px;"><br />
</div><div style="font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0px;"> </div><div style="font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span lang="EN" style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: normal;"><strong>CCTF. Sunday, 2 October</strong>. <em>HOME-The Film. </em></span></div><div style="font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0px;"><span style="color: #4c3f36; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: normal;">Directed by photographer. Glenn Close.HOME takes you on a visually stunning, spectacular voyage</span></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><br />
</div><div style="line-height: normal;"><span style="color: #4c3f36; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">around the world. It is a unique film that approaches the current debate about climate change from a whole new angle, giving viewers the opportunity to see for themselves how our earth is changing. Going well beyond the scientific reports, charts and graphs, this film is an inspiration that speaks to our hearts and touches our souls.Spanning 54 countries and 120 locations, all seen from the air, the film captures the Earth's most amazing landscapes, showcasing its incomparable beauty and acknowledging its vulnerability. HOME is a compelling emotional reminder of what is at stake: the Earth, in all its beauty, and the people who live on it.HOME is the first major film about climate change that has been made using only aerial photography. The film marks artist and activist, Yann Arthus-Betrand's feature film directorial debut. HOME is a non-for-profit film project, produced by the French film director and producer Luc </span><span style="color: #4c3f36; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">Besson (Europacorp), Denis Carot (Elzevir Films) and supported by the PPR group. In the United States, 20th Century Fox Home Entertainment represents the film.</span></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><br />
</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><br />
</div><div align="center" style="margin-bottom: 0px;"> <a href="http://sn135w.snt135.mail.live.com/mail/#BACKTOTOP" shape="rect" style="color: blue; font-size: 10pt; text-decoration: underline;">BACK TO TOP</a></div><div style="font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0px;"> </div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><br />
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<tr><td align="left" bgcolor="#dcf9ff" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="background-color: #dcf9ff; color: #093661; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 18pt; text-align: left;" valign="top"><span> </span></td><td align="left" bgcolor="#dcf9ff" colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="background-color: #dcf9ff; color: black; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; text-align: left;"> <div style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="color: #3366ff;"><strong><span>The mission of the OMNI Climate Change Task Force (CCTF) is to educate Arkansans about current realities of climate change and scientific projections. The CCTF is committed to actions that lead to the reduction of green house gases through life-style and legislative change, which includes partnering with like-minded organizations. </span></strong></span></div><div style="font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0px;"><br />
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</tbody></table></div></div>aubuniquehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14281865213176006571noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5691877789641781013.post-85578314888386435452011-08-25T14:56:00.002-05:002011-08-25T14:56:36.818-05:00Town Branch Neighborhood Association meeting at 6 p.m. Tuesday, August 30, 2011, welcomes everyone who chooses to attend<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;"><h3 class="post-title entry-title"><a href="http://worldpeacewetlandprairie.blogspot.com/2011/08/town-branch-neighborhood-association.html">to discuss plan for apartment complex adjacent to National Cemetery, streamside-protection ordinance, neighborhood watch, urban wildlife-habitat certification of private property, natural-yard option approved by City Council and anything of importance in our neighborhood and city</a></h3>Please click on individual images to ENLARGE view. Click on enlargement for easy reading.<br />
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</div>aubuniquehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14281865213176006571noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5691877789641781013.post-53594021620481804642011-08-23T17:22:00.002-05:002011-08-23T17:22:36.609-05:00Greg Howe has resigned to take a job in a wonderful place to the northwest. His final meeting of Fayetteville's Tree and Landscape Committee, now known as the Urban Forestry Board<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="349" src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/XrV7AY-RDcw?hl=en&fs=1" width="425"></iframe></div>aubuniquehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14281865213176006571noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5691877789641781013.post-81754245753715537122011-08-20T19:44:00.002-05:002011-08-20T19:44:56.420-05:00<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">Please click on individual images to ENLARGE. Click on enlargement for closer view.<br />
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« <a href="http://www.millersvillenativeplants.org/2010/03/native-plants/" rel="prev">Welcome to The Native Plants in the Landscape Conference</a></h2><br />
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The Future of Gardening by Neil Diboll</h2><br />
<div class="entry"><br />
<b>The Future of Gardening: Why Going Native is the Answer</b><br />
<b> </b><br />
<b>Presented at the 20<sup>th</sup> Millersville Native Plant Conference</b><br />
<b>Millersville, PA</b><br />
<b>June 4, 2010</b><br />
<b> </b><br />
<b>by Neil Diboll</b><br />
<b>Prairie Nursery, Inc.</b><br />
<b>P.O. Box 306</b><br />
<b>Westfield, WI 53964</b><br />
<b><a href="http://www.prairienursery.com/">www.prairienursery.com</a></b><br />
<b>800-476-9453 (800-GRO-WILD)</b><br />
Traditional landscapes suck. They suck Energy, Water, and Money. These three “Future Factors” will determine to a large degree the shape and structure of our landscapes in the coming years.<br />
The old whipping boy, the lawn, indeed deserves a good whipping. It is emblematic of an expensive, unsustainable, energy and chemical hungry landscape that supports few forms of life and consumes valuable resources that could be better invested elsewhere.<br />
<b><span style="text-decoration: underline;">Size of the American Lawn</span></b><br />
There are over 50 million acres of lawn in the United States, twice the size of the state of Pennsylvania.<br />
The total American corn crop for 2009 was 86 million acres.<br />
The total American soybean crop for 2009 was 77 million acres.<br />
The total American wheat crop for 2009 was 65 million acres.<br />
Lawn is the fourth largest crop grown in America today.<br />
<b><span style="text-decoration: underline;">Water Use by the American Lawn</span></b><br />
Thirty percent of the water consumed on the East Coast of the US goes to watering lawns. Sixty percent of the water used on the West Coast is dedicated to maintaining green lawns, in a region that is facing looming water shortages.<br />
A 1000 square foot lawn requires an average of 10,000 gallons of water per year to maintain in good condition.<br />
One acre of irrigated lawn requires nearly half a million gallons (435,000) of water every year!<br />
<b><span style="text-decoration: underline;">Chemical Fertilizers and Pesticides Applied to the American Lawn</span></b><br />
The average lawn receives 10 times as much chemical fertilizers, herbicides, and pesticides as the typical farm field, according to a Yale University graduate study.<br />
Over 80 millions pounds of chemical pesticides are applied to American lawns each year according to the USEPA.<br />
More than 70 million tons of chemical fertilizers are applied to American lawns per year.<br />
The USEPA estimates that 40 to 60 percent of the Nitrogen fertilizer applied to lawns ends up in our surface water and groundwater.<br />
Forty four percent of the Nitrogen and 28 percent of the Phosphorus applied in the Mississippi River watershed ends up in the Gulf of Mexico, greatly exacerbating the anoxic “dead zone” that preceded the BP oil spill of 2010.<br />
<b><span style="text-decoration: underline;">Solid Waste Created by Lawns</span></b><br />
The EPA also estimates that grass clippings and yard debris account for 20 to 40 percent of the landfill space consumed in America.<br />
<b><span style="text-decoration: underline;">Energy Consumption by Lawns</span></b><br />
The amount of energy required to mow and maintain manicured lawns is surprisingly large, and is used in every phase of lawn care:<br />
<b>Mowing:</b> Gasoline or diesel fuel to is required to power riding mowers and most push type rotary mowers. Electricity that powers electric lawn mowers is produced primarily by fossil fuels such as coal and natural gas, and by nuclear power plants.<br />
<b>Pesticides:</b> Most herbicides and insecticides are derived from or combined with petroleum-based compounds. Of the 80 million pounds of pesticides applied to lawns in American every year, most are synthesized from oil.<br />
<b>Fertilizers:</b> Fertilizers are applied to lawns in staggering quantities. The energy required to mine and transport the 70 million tons of chemical fertilizers that are dumped on lawns every year is significant. Most Nitrogen fertilizers are produced using the Haber Process, in which Nitrogen in the air is converted into a solid or liquid form that can be readily handled and applied. The Haber Process is extremely energy intensive, and vast quantities of natural gas are consumed to produce nitrogen fertilizer for lawns.<br />
<b>Irrigation:</b> Even watering the lawn consumes energy. Electricity is used to purify water at treatment plants, and to pump water to homes and businesses. The underground plastic pipes that are used in lawn irrigations systems are produced from petrochemicals derived from crude oil.<br />
<b><span style="text-decoration: underline;">Carbon Footprint of Lawns</span></b><br />
As an energy-dependent landscape, the carbon annual footprint consumption of lawns is high compared to prairies and other natural landscapes that require only occasional mowing, no fertilizers, no irrigation, and few if any pesticides. Prairies release carbon into the atmosphere when burned, and when dead organic matter such as leaves and stems decompose through microbial action. However, these releases are offset by new plant growth which absorbs carbon dioxide from the air and incorporates it into new leave, roots, and stems.<br />
The incredibly rich prairie soils of the American Midwest are a result of the accumulation of organic matter in the soil over hundreds and thousands of years. Unlike most forest ecosystems, in which organic matter is sequestered in the upper 12- 18 inches of soil, prairie soils typically exhibit high organic matter content from three to six feet in depth. They also have significantly higher total organic matter content than forest soils. This would indicate that over time, prairies are one of the most efficient plant communities at removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and providing long term carbon sequestration in the soil.<br />
<b><span style="text-decoration: underline;">Economic Costs of Lawn</span></b><br />
Americans spend over $25 billion per year on lawn care (USEPA).<br />
Americans spend over $2 billion per year on lawn and garden chemicals.<br />
A 4000 square foot lawn (1/10 acre) produces an average of 1200 pounds of grass clippings per year. The City of Philadelphia Streets Department reported in 2005 that it costs $75 per year to dispose of this material.<br />
<b><span style="text-decoration: underline;">Wildlife and Lawns</span></b><br />
The US EPA estimates that between 60 and 70 millions birds are poisoned annually due to the application of lawn pesticides.<br />
On lawns that receive regular applications of pesticides, 60 to 90 percent of the earthworms in the soil are killed.<br />
<b><span style="text-decoration: underline;">Air and Noise Pollution</span></b><br />
In summer months, 5 percent of air pollution is attributable to gas powered lawn and garden equipment (National Vehicle and Fuel Assessment Lab, Ann Arbor, MI)<br />
Per hour of operation, a typical lawnmower emits 10-12 times as much hydrocarbons as an automobile.<br />
<b><span style="text-decoration: underline;">Health and Safety</span></b><br />
Of the most commonly used lawn pesticides, 13 are known to cause cancer, 14 can cause birth defects, 11 can interfere with reproduction, and 21 can cause damage to the nervous system. (US EPA)<br />
111,000 Americans are sickened every year due to exposure to pesticides. (US EPA)<br />
Over 230,000 people are treated in the Emergency Room every year for accident related to lawn equipment. (US EPA)<br />
<b><span style="text-decoration: underline;">Time</span></b><br />
The average homeowner spends 40 hours a year mowing his or her lawn – the equivalent of a week’s vacation!<br />
<b>HOW DID WE ARRIVE AT OUR LAWN-DOMINATED LANDSCAPE MODEL?</b><br />
<b>AN HISTORICAL OVERVIEW</b><br />
The New World of North America once appeared to be a seemingly inexhaustible resource that held immense promise for the early colonists and settlers. True to their culture, the northern Europeans that swarmed into the vast hinterlands of America created a landscape in the image of their forebears: cut, grazed, plowed, and fenced into submission. The newly broken land yielded great bounty for a growing nation. As the country expanded, the towns and villages took on the names and character of our former homes across the Atlantic: Amsterdam, Birmingham, Gloucester, Berlin, Warsaw, and Rome, to name but a few.<br />
Our goal as a nation and a culture was to tame the wilderness and make it safe for civilization. In so doing, we re-created the Old Country in the New World. As we brought the wilderness under our heel, we took little time to appreciate its unique character and beauty. Most settlers sought bounty, not beauty. In the rush to convert forests and meadows into farms and fields, the flowers mostly went unnoticed. Unplowed, unproductive wild land was a sign of sloth, savagery, and the devil’s work. Indeed, our mandate was to subdue the earth. And subdue it we did.<br />
When our work was finally done, we sat back to take stock of our immense labors, and it appeared that it was good. Mostly. What we had not considered were the terrible losses associated with our great gain. We had gained ascendancy over our young country. In the process, we lost the character of a continent.<br />
Yea, even unto our gardens, we banished the wildflowers and wild things to the far reaches of the countryside and to the corners of our consciousness. And nothing suffered the utter demise and near-total destruction such as that which was visited upon the American Prairie.<br />
The American Prairie: the once-vast kingdom of flowers, grasses, bison and butterflies. This unbelievably rich, unique ecosystem blanketed millions of acres of America’s heartland. These were the flower gardens of North America. Hidden deep underground, among the intertwined roots of a universe of prairie plants, lay the black gold that was to become the currency of the prairie farmer. Here was the inheritance of a million sunny days, hoarded away in the bank account of the prairie soil.<br />
<b><span style="text-decoration: underline;">Agricultural, the Industrial Revolution, and the Rise of the American Middle Class</span></b><br />
The farmers that tapped into this prairie trust fund found the dividends to be prodigious. No fertilizers were needed to grow bumper crops. The immense yields increased agricultural productivity to levels previously unheard-of, revolutionizing the farmer’s relationship with the land. Now one family could produce food for dozens of others. The day of the subsistence farm was over. Human labor was set free to tend the factory instead of the field. The dawn of the American Industrial Revolution was reflected in the glow of the forge that John Deere used to construct the first sod-busting steel plow in 1836. With the industrial dawn came the sunset of the American Prairie.<br />
The Eastern Tallgrass Prairie of Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Missouri, Minnesota, Wisconsin, Oklahoma, Kansas, and Nebraska was all but obliterated in the span of a few short decades at the close of the nineteenth century. That which was not plowed under was closed in with fences and grazed to the ground by millions of cattle. What were once wide open spaces became food factories and feedlots. Still, we knew not what we had done.<br />
A full century later, we are just beginning to grasp the scope of the loss. The Eastern Tallgrass Prairie is now one of the rarest plant communities in the entire world. Rainforests are commonplace by comparison. Less than 1/10th of 1% of the Tallgrass Prairie remains today. The small refuges where it can be found occur only in small tattered fragments, ripped from the original cloth. Only those pieces that could not be drained, plowed, grazed, or otherwise turned to the service of mankind remain. There was simply no place for wildness in this new American landscape.<br />
The conversion of the New World into the Old Country was complete. All that remained now was to tend the fields and the gardens of plants brought over from Europe, and to make sure that the lawns that replaced that prairie were kept mown and in order.<br />
<b>Order.</b> The watchword of a Puritanical culture that sought to carve structure from the chaos of wilderness. Everything in control. Nothing out of place. Even our gardens reflect this directive. Designs are precise, with each plant in its pre-ordained place, ensconced in a thick bed of bark mulch. The vegetable world must supplicate itself to our omnipotence. Those plants that fail to stay in their assigned seats are branded as weeds, and banished from the garden. And if they should grow wild in nature, how could such peasant plants of common breeding be sufficiently refined to have a place in our gardens?<br />
If the garden is truly the place where people and nature meet, it is almost always the gardener who determines the terms of the meeting. Will the gardeners of the earth choose to work <i>with</i> Nature to create beauty in the landscape? Or will we attempt to overpower her with an arsenal of chemicals, machines, and “maintenance programs?”<br />
We are finally coming to realize that the practice of paying homage to a uniform, idealized landscape of seamlessly interconnected lawns is an illusion. This becomes eminently clear when one realizes that the centerpoint of this landscape is a nearly lifeless, two dimensional expanse of turf, to which we slavishly devote much of our increasingly rare and precious free time. We pour on the chemicals, mow the grass to within an inch of its life, and kill any and all bugs that have the temerity to share the landscape with us. Perhaps most annoying, this national pastime called Lawn Care is really quite expensive.<br />
For many, their lawns are like an addiction. They will pay almost any price to satisfy the cravings. The price is paid in money, time, environmental degradation, and in some cases, one’s health. We have so completely divorced ourselves from Nature that the only connection to the natural world is by watering and mowing their green carpets!<br />
It is indeed a costly divorce from Nature. Enforcement of our unnatural landscapes consumes billions of dollars every year. Lawns, ornamental plantings, and even perennial gardens require constant attention if the desired order is to be maintained. Without intervention by the human hand on a regular basis, these landscapes soon fall victim to the invading hordes of weeds, trees, brambles and vines. Left unguarded, the walls of the domestic garden are stormed by the Vandals and Visigoths of the Vegetable Kingdom. Without the indulgences of their human benefactors, the meeker and fairer plants of the garden are quickly pillaged and displaced by the roving thugs of the plant world.<br />
<b><span style="text-decoration: underline;">History of the American Lawn </span></b><br />
The modern lawn has it origin in the country estates of landed gentry in England in the 16<sup>th</sup> and 17<sup>th</sup> centuries. It was a status symbol of the wealthy, for the working classes typically possessed no land, and could ill afford a lawn eve if they did. With our Anglo-American heritage, we looked to the mother country for our social cues in the 18<sup>th</sup> century as the American middle class emerged during the industrial revolution. The newly wealthy purchased homes and estates and installed lawns as one of their symbols of having “made it.” Lawns quickly became one of the status symbols associated with the new middle and upper classes.<br />
The great American landscape architect, Frederick Law Olmstead, referred to the lawn in the late 18<sup>th</sup> century as “The Great Democratizer” of a newly ascendant nation. Rather than installing fences and barriers between neighboring properties as was common in Europe, Americans had a seamless carpet of green grass unifying their properties, all sharing in the new ethos of a mutual affluence.<br />
The lawn quickly became a socio-economic symbol, denoting order and devotion to a non-economic crop that only those with expendable income could afford. As the middle class in America grew after World War II, the occupants of newly-built suburbs embraced the lawn as one of their icons of success and comfortable living.<br />
The lawn was now cemented into American culture. Woe be unto he who violated the unspoken contract of “keeping up appearances” and allowing one’s turf to “go native” and grow beyond the socially acceptable four inches in height. An un-mowed, unkempt lawn was a sign of slovenliness and anti-social tendencies. Social breakdown and chaos could not be far behind.<br />
This is why the lawn is so ardently defended by so many. It is a symbol of an entire social class and lifestyle. It is far more than a near-lifeless green expanse that requires an inordinate amount of time, money and chemicals to maintain. It embodies the hopes and dreams of average Americans, and symbolizes the triumph or order over entropy. It is a shared middle class bond that transcends politics, religion, and ethnicity. In many communities you are judged by your lawn first, and your character as a human being second. And do not for one minute believe that the first does not influence the second.<br />
<b><span style="text-decoration: underline;">Why do we Persist with Our Addiction to Lawns? What About Wildlife?</span></b><br />
1) It’s simple and easy! We know how to do it: Fertilize it, spray it, and mow it!<br />
2) You don’t really have to know anything about plants or gardening to grow and manage a lawn – just follow the directions provided by the purveyors of fertilizers, herbicides, fungicides, and insecticides provide you!<br />
3) Lawn is a cheap fix. Although less costly to install than native landscapes, lawn has a high life cycle cost over a period of many years. Native landscapes typically have low long-term maintenance costs, with lower life cycle costs.<br />
4) Lawns don’t attract bugs or wildlife (except for geese), so you know you and your family will be safe from snakes, vermin, and those annoying insects! So what if insects are the foundation of the food chain, and support a myriad of birds and other desirable creatures. We’ve been brainwashed that bugs are bad, so we have to make sure they don’t inhabit our outdoor living spaces.<br />
5) NO BUGS, NO BIRDS!<br />
6) Everybody says they love Nature, but nobody ever invites her over to their yard.<br />
7) I knew my prairie was a success when I saw Meadow Jumping Mice (<i>Zapus hudsonianus</i>) and Hog Nosed Snakes (<i>Heterodon platirhinos</i>) in it. These creatures provided evidence that I now had a functioning ecosystem, not just a garden. If you like hawks and owls, you better be able to feed them: rodents and reptiles are some of their preferred foods.<br />
<b>WE ARE NOT A NATION OF GARDENERS:</b><br />
<b>WE ARE A NATION OF MOWERS!</b><br />
<b><span style="text-decoration: underline;">WHY DO WE CARE WHAT WE PLANT IN OUR GARDENS </span></b><br />
<b><span style="text-decoration: underline;">AND LANDSCAPES?</span></b><br />
Many of us care deeply about the state of our planet and the loss of biodiversity that is occurring on a global scale. Although we all think globally, most of us can only act locally. Together, we can have an impact in our own gardens and landscapes, as well as those of our friends and neighbors. For those of us in the landscape design business, we can promote sustainable landscapes composed of native plants that require little or no fertilizers, pesticides, watering, or mowing (just burning!). This alone, when compounded over time as more people opt for sustainable landscapes, can have an impact.<br />
The looming question for us today is the on-going loss of biodiversity. Restoring native ecosystems is one way we can help support not just native plants, but also invertebrates such as rare butterflies and moths, bees, wasps, and all manner of the generally unloved lower castes of bugs and creepy crawly things. Yet they are all important, and each has an important place in the web of life.<br />
Homo sapiens, is presently presiding over what is believed to be the Sixth Great Extinction. Although we have yet to reach the catastrophic levels of past extinction events, we are well on our way and showing only a few signs of abatement in our drive to subdue and conquer the earth, as we serve our ever-expanding need for food, fuel, water, and living space.<br />
But does it really matter what we do as individuals? A society is composed of all its individuals, and their actions determine the face of that society. Most of us are working to restore the integrity of native ecosystems because we believe it is the “right” and good thing to do, and that we are “doing it for the planet.” But does it really matter? Does the planet really respect our actions? Or is it all irrelevant?<br />
The Earth has been subjected to massive extinctions in the past, some fairly recent in geological history. The planet has always recovered, with the development of new species and a wealth of new life forms. Nature does indeed abhor a vacuum, and she apparently fills it rapidly. All of the work I am doing on my property to control invasive species and restore native plants will someday be negated by the next advance of the glacier, as unlikely as that may seem at this point in geological and meteorolical history. Of course, my landscape will probably be invaded by garlic muster, buckthorn, honeysuckle and other non-native thugs soon after my demise, unless some equally deranged and determined individual picks up where I leave off.<br />
<b><span style="text-decoration: underline;">SO WHY RESTORE THE PLANET? DOES IT REALLY MATTER?</span></b><br />
If one takes a long-term geological perspective, it doesn’t really matter what we do. Even if we nuke the joint, something will survive and a whole new set of life forms will evolve. Maybe the next sentient beings will be smarter than us, and actually take care of the planet.<br />
<b>We Restore the Earth Because It Is Good for Us!</b><br />
We need a quality of life that includes clean air, clean water, trees, flowers, ferns, birds, and all the wonderful life forms with which we share the planet. We aren’t just preserving habitat and restoring native plant communities out of the goodness of our hearts – Our very economic and psychic survival depend upon it!<br />
We have yet to fully value the economics of a healthy environment. But as the planet is further degraded, the value of high quality living spaces only increases.<br />
<b><span style="text-decoration: underline;">THE BOTTOM LINE:</span></b> Ultimately, our future landscapes will be in large part determined more by economics than ecology. This is an unfortunate consequence of the human condition. As a quality living space becomes more valuable, more value will be placed upon it. We will protect it more diligently. It will sell for a higher price. People will begin to view the natural environment more as an asset, rather than as a resource to be exploited.<br />
All of this will most likely be precipitated by shortages of water, rather than a shortage of oil or other energy source. You can live without oil, but you cannot live without water. As the price of water increases, the incentive to conserve it will increase. We will need landscapes that do not require huge inputs of water and chemicals to sustain them. We will need to overcome our cultural taboos of “messy” natural landscapes and move beyond viewing lawns as status symbols and a rite of passage into the middle and upper classes.<br />
Someday pride of place will belong to those with the least lawn, lowest water bill, and no chemicals in their garages. Society will value those who work to preserve our environment, rather than those who can make the most money by despoiling it. I personally cannot wait much longer for that day to come.<br />
<b><span style="text-decoration: underline;">AT A GLANCE:</span></b><br />
<b>TODAY: LAWN</b>, an ecological and economic disaster<br />
<b> </b><br />
<b>TOMORROW: SUSTAINA LE ECOSYSTEMS</b>, composed of native plant<br />
communities that require little or no fertilizers, pesticides, or irrigation, o<br />
<b>TODAY: MONOCULTURES</b> of mowed lawns<br />
<b> </b><br />
<b>TOMORROW: DIVERSE ECOSYSTEMS</b> that support a wide variety of life<br />
<b>TODAY: FEAR</b> and mistrust of the natural world and its attendant organisms (bugs,<br />
mice, snakes, etc)<br />
<b> </b><br />
<b>TOMORROW: RE-INTEGRATION </b>of people into nature and an understanding that<br />
everything is connected and interdependent<br />
<b>WE MUST ENTER INTO A <i>JOINT VENTURE WITH NATURE</i></b><b> TO PRESERVE OUR PLANET AND THE SYSTEMS UPON WHICH ALL LIFE DEPENDS. </b><br />
<b> </b><br />
<b>ONLY THEN WILL WE LIVE IN HARMONY WITH OUR FELLOW CREATURES ON THIS PLANET. </b><br />
<b> </b><br />
<b>OUR QUALITY LIFE AND LONG-TERM SURVIVAL DEPENDS UPON THE SURVIVAL OF THE SYSTEMS AND ORGANISMS THAT SUPPORT US.</b><br />
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<h2><br />
University of Vermont Extension<br />
Department of Plant and Soil Science</h2><br />
<img height="63" src="http://www.uvm.edu/pss/ppp/articles/gmglogo.jpg" width="352" /><b> Summer News Article</b> <br />
<img height="5" src="http://pss.uvm.edu/ppp/articles/greenline.gif" width="100%" /> <b>FUEL-EFFICIENT LAWNS AND LANDSCAPES</b> <br />
Dr. Leonard Perry, Extension Professor <br />
University of Vermont <br />
With the price of gasoline and natural gas on the rise, most are looking for ways to cut their costs and save energy. If you have a lawn or garden, you may not realize just how much fossil fuels you are using. By knowing where these are used, you can look for ways to reduce consumption. This will reduce your costs, and help the environment. <br />
In a recent PPPro online newsletter Paul Tukey, editor of People, Places and Plants magazine, provides some sobering facts and helpful suggestions. Each year, a family with a one-third acre lawn will on average: <br />
*consume five gallons of gas for mowing and trimming; <br />
*apply the equivalent of seven gallons for fertilizing; <br />
*burn up to five gallons for watering; and <br />
*consume an additional gallon for cleanup. <br />
That’s 18 gallons of fuel per household. With 120 million U.S. households, that’s the equivalent of almost 2.2 billion gallons of fuel used just for lawn care each year. This does not count other landscaping activities. So just how do we use so much? <br />
Yale University has estimated that the United States uses more than 600 million gallons of gas to mow and trim lawns each year — about two gallons of gas for every man, woman and child, or five gallons per household. Mowers also consume engine oil in their crankcases, and two-stroke mowers consume oil in their fuel. <br />
In addition to fuel consumption, mowers and outdoor power equipment contribute heavily to air pollution. Operating a typical (4 HP) gasoline-powered lawnmower for one hour produces as much smog-forming hydrocarbons as driving an average car between 100 and 200 miles under average conditions. Gasoline-powered string trimmers are actually more polluting than many lawn mowers. One estimate (mindfully.org) states that “the 20,000,000 small engines sold in the U.S. each year contribute about one tenth of the total U.S. mobile source hydrocarbon emissions, and are the largest single contributor to these non-road emissions.” These include power blowers, rakes, and brooms. <br />
Creating synthetic nitrogen for fertilizers requires the heating of natural gas to combine atmospheric nitrogen and hydrogen into ammonia. The amount of natural gas required to make approximately 200 bags of lawn fertilizer would heat your home for a year. Each 40-pound bag contains the fossil-fuel equivalent of approximately 2.5 gallons of gasoline. Transporting these bags of fertilizer from the factory and to your home requires additional fuel. <br />
According to a California study, in many areas — especially in the West, where water must be moved great distances from reservoirs — the amount of fuel needed to pump the water is at least equal to the fuel used in mowing. <br />
<br />
So what can you do? Here are ten tips to have a “fuel-efficient” landscape. <br />
*Use an electric or non-powered push mower. An electric mower maintaining one-third of an acre for a season consumes only $3 of electricity on average. Electric mowers are 75 percent quieter than gas mowers. Push mowers, of course, consume no fuel and make little noise. <br />
*Similarly, use traditional hand rakes and brooms instead of power ones and blowers to save fuel, and at the same time reduce air and noise pollution. If you employ a landscape maintenance firm, encourage their use of these too. Minimize the need for string trimmers. Mulch along walks and around structures such as lamp posts to avoid having to trim weeds in these areas. <br />
*If you have an old mower, consider replacing it. Newer small engines run much cleaner. EPA emission standards for such engines, to be in effect by 2007, are expected to reduce ground-level ozone emissions by 70 percent or 350,000 tons each year. <br />
*Reduce the area mowed through use of groundcovers. This is especially true in areas with water shortages. Allow parts of large areas to grow, only mowing once or twice a season, creating a natural meadow. You can still mow areas near drives and homes to maintain the more formal manicured effects in such highly visible and high traffic areas. <br />
*Save rainwater and gray water. Gray water is that water from home use, except from toilets, and can make up from 50 to 80 percent of home waste water. It comes from sinks, showers, and laundry and can be used for irrigating landscapes and lawns. <br />
*Water deeply once per week on average, rather than frequently. Drip irrigation and mulches also conserve water. Using less water saves on energy use, whether you’re buying water that has to be pumped, or are paying an electric bill to pump your own. <br />
*Use natural, organic fertilizers not derived from fossil fuels. <br />
*Recycle grass clippings, mow higher and mix 5 percent clover into your lawn seed. All these help recycle nutrients back into the soil. Mulching-type mowers allow you to leave grass clippings on the lawn. If you don’t have such a mower, and remove the clippings, add them to compost or use them to mulch gardens. <br />
*Compost all yard wastes, except for diseased plants and plant parts. They can go into compost piles, saving gasoline hauling such to landfills and recycle centers. If your landscape generates many twigs and other brush, consider buying or renting a home-size brush chipper. <br />
*Finally, consider landscaping to reduce up to 25 percent of home energy consumption. Foundation plantings can lessen heat loss from buildings. Evergreen windbreaks can reduce heating costs in winter in windy areas. Deciduous shade trees can reduce energy needs for cooling in summer. According to the Department of Energy, only three properly placed trees may <br />
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<tr> <td width="112"></td> <td width="142"></td> <td align="right" width="293"><span style="color: #663333; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">What to do with a Lawn</span></td> <td><img height="26" src="http://www.primalseeds.org/g/dandbo.gif" width="33" /></td> </tr>
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<span style="font-family: arial; font-size: xx-small;"> <i><img align="right" height="205" src="http://www.primalseeds.org/g/pulturf.jpg" width="185" />"You can't learn much from a lawn,<br />
but a garden has a whole world of wonders." </i> </span> <br />
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<span style="color: #003333; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;"><b>history</b></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: arial; font-size: xx-small;"> <br />
Lawns started out as grazing areas around the manors of the landed gentry. Having a nice lawn around the house was a sign of power as you owned sufficient land to raise sheep and cow.<br />
As the industrial revolution took hold and animals were less a sign of wealth, the lawn itself became the status symbol. You could indulge yourself in sparing land and time to recreational grounds.<br />
As people moved to the cities so did the grass, on ever smaller plots. First lawns were cut by hand and later with the mechanical lawnmower, (an automated, resource depleting, pointless cow.)<br />
The 20th Century saw an explosion of lawn making as commercial interests produced endless grass seed, fertiliser, pesticides, mowers, spreaders and irrigation equipment whilst developers discovered they could pass off cheap ‘gardens’ by spreading 3 inches of soil over hard subsoil and laying turf on top.<br />
Nowerdays, many lawns are rarely used and some are so covered with chemicals children have been permanently injured after walking barefoot on them.<a href="http://www.primalseeds.org/lawns.htm#1">[1]</a> </span></span></td> </tr>
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<span style="color: #003333; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;"><b>the modern lawn - a waste of resources</b></span><br />
<img height="1" src="http://www.primalseeds.org/g/simline2.GIF" width="468" /></div><br />
<span style="font-family: arial; font-size: xx-small;"> </span><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: xx-small;"> <br />
The modern pure grass lawn is artificial... you need effort and chemicals to maintain a monoculture. </span><br />
<ul><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: xx-small;">
<li> Misuse and the inherent toxicity of standard pesticides cause short and long term poisoning, cancer and disease in people and wildlife. <a href="http://www.primalseeds.org/lawns.htm#a">[a]</a></li>
<li>Extensive use and overuse of fertilisers (due to lack of restrictions) causes water pollution problems and wastes resources. <a href="http://www.primalseeds.org/lawns.htm#b">[b]</a> </li>
<li> Endless summer irrigation to keep lawns green wastes massive amounts of water and depletes water tables. <span style="font-size: x-small;"><a href="http://www.primalseeds.org/lawns.htm#c"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">[c]</span></a></span></li>
<li>Lawnmowers, strimmers and other lawn machinery unregulated for environmental emissions, use vast amounts of petrol and are a significant factor in urban air and noise pollution. <a href="http://www.primalseeds.org/lawns.htm#d">[d]</a></li>
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<span style="font-family: arial; font-size: xx-small;"> The lawn is the worlds third agriculture. It is probable that westerners spend more person hours, energy and resources on their lawns than any agricultural resource of the third world.<a href="http://www.primalseeds.org/lawns.htm#8">[8]</a> <br />
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<span style="font-family: arial; font-size: xx-small;"><b>In the early 1990’s in the United States…</b><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><b>$ 25 billion</b></span> a year was spent on lawn care products.<br />
Of this,<br />
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><b>$ 5,250 million</b></span> was spent on fossil fuel-derived fertilisers and...<br />
<b><span style="font-size: xx-small;"> $ 700 million</span></b> was spent on 28 million kgs of poisonous synthetic pesticides.<br />
<br />
<b>Meanwhile<span style="font-size: xx-small;"> 20 million acres</span></b> were planted in residential lawns <br />
and the average city sprayed its lawns with <span style="font-size: xx-small;"><b>30 </b><span style="font-size: xx-small;">to</span><b> 60 %</b></span> of its fresh water supply.<a href="http://www.primalseeds.org/lawns.htm#2">[2]</a></span></div></td> </tr>
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<span style="font-family: arial; font-size: xx-small;"> <br />
The lawn is a green desert. Adoption of a monoculture for a garden drastically reduces the habitats available for wildlife. Birds, bees, butterflies and other animals all begin to disappear. Often leaving an unstable ecosystem where common ‘pest’ species seem to flourish.</span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=4063395844855180888&postID=7633687218891288167" name="alt"></a> <br />
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<span style="color: #003333; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;"><b>alternatives</b></span><img height="1" src="http://www.primalseeds.org/g/simline2.GIF" width="468" /></div><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;"> <br />
Aside from keeping animals or ripping up the turf to plant trees and bushes, build vegetable beds, a pond or a greenhouse there are many things you can do to keep the same purpose of a lawn whilst adding diversity and removing chemical and mechanical dependence. (Unless the area you have is subject to heavy traffic and abuse, where turf is probably the most suitable thing to use.) If you just want somewhere to sit, try making a bench a focal point of your garden. <br />
Lawns can be made more edible, medicinal, beautiful and nice smelling by adding low growing aromatic herbs and flowers. The plants below have been specially selected because they will tolerate at least infrequent mowings. For best results don’t cut as often or as short as a normal lawn and try to lay off for at least 3 weeks in the summer to let the taller plants flower and set seed. You could try sowing them into small gaps in the grass or better still plant them out. For low maintenance choose plants that will like your local conditions.</span> </td> </tr>
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<img alt="White clover flower" height="130" src="http://www.primalseeds.org/g/whiteclover.gif" width="112" /></td> <td width="468"><div align="right"><br />
<span style="color: #003333; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;"><b>lively lawns </b></span><img height="1" src="http://www.primalseeds.org/g/simline2.GIF" width="468" /></div><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;">Apart from the obvious <b>dandelions</b> (Taraxacum officinale), <b>daisy</b> (Bellis perennis) and <b>plantains</b> (Plantago major, plantago media) which are all excellent in lawns, freely self seed, add variety and can also be eaten once you get past seeing them just as ‘weeds,’ try…</span></div><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;"><b>White Clover</b>, <i>Trifolium repens</i>: 10cm H, spreads, adds nitrogen to the soil, attracts bees and butterflies. You can eat the flowers and leaves, (bit fiddly though)</span></div><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;"><b>Camomile</b>, <i>Chamaemelum nobile</i>: 15cm H 30cm W, <i>Plants for a future</i>[<a href="http://www.primalseeds.org/lawns.htm#9">9</a>] recommend for smell but not for medicine, (no flowers), a cultivar called ‘<i>Treneague</i>’ which is low growing, spreads and will succeed if the grass is cut low and often, however you'll have to find a cutting, there are no seeds.</span></div><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;"><b>Wild thyme</b>, <i>Thymus serpyllum</i>: 10cm H 30cm W Forms spreading clumps, pink flowers attract bees in summer, drought tolerant, needs sun. High in antioxidants and an essential kitchen herb.</span></div><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;"><b>Lemon thyme</b>, <i>Thymus x citiodorus</i>: 10cm H 30cm W. Likes light well drained soil and full sun, can be planted by division.</span></div><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;"><b>Coltsfoot</b>, <i>Tussilago farfara</i>: 25cm H, spreads invasively. Tolerates shade, does well in all soils, flowers edible mar-apr, leaves appear afterwards, used for treatment of respiratory problems.</span></div><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;"><b>Rough Hawkbit</b>, <i>Leontodon hispidus</i>: 40cm H 30cm W. Similar to dandelion, prefers chalky soil, flowers all summer, attracts bees & butterflies, edible leaves most of the year.</span> </div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td valign="top"><img alt="Self heal" height="177" src="http://www.primalseeds.org/g/prunella.gif" width="110" /></td> <td><b><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;">Salad burnet</span></b><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;">, <i>Sanguisorba minor</i>: 55cm H 30cm W. Prefers chalky soil and slightly longer grass, flowers May-Aug and provides edible young leaves all year round. </span> <br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;"><b>Self Heal</b>, <i>Prunella vulgaris</i>: 15cm H spreading to form clumps 30cm W. Prefers moist soil, tolerates low cutting and shade, flowers mid to late summer, attracts bees & butterflies, eaten in salads and an healing herb for cuts and wounds.</span></div><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;"><b>Yarrow</b>, <i>Achillea millefolium</i>: upto 60cm H spreads, hardy, drought resistant, good in poor soils, and a very useful medicinal herb. </span></div><br />
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<span style="color: #003333; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;"><b>beautiful bulbs</b></span><img height="1" src="http://www.primalseeds.org/g/simline2.GIF" width="468" /></div><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;"> By lengthening the time between mowings you can also grow taller plants such as bulbs. Planted surreptitiously they are a nice surprise. All below are edible and most spread naturally. It is advisable to plant bulbs of similar flowering times together to make any lawn maintenance more straightforward.<br />
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<b>Field</b> & <b>Crow garlic</b>, <i>Allium oleraceum</i> & <i>A. vineale</i>: 60cm H, 5cm W. Both almost invasive in grass if left to form bulbils in jul-aug, tolerant of mowing, leaves edible autumn to following summer. If cows eat them, their milk is tainted.<br />
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<b>Quamash</b>, <i>Camassia quamash</i>: 50cm H 10cm W. Does well in short grass and under trees, flowers late spring, very edible bulbs when cooked.</span><br />
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<tr> <td valign="top"><img alt="Tassel hyacinth" height="165" src="http://www.primalseeds.org/g/hyacinth.gif" width="111" /></td> <td><b><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;">Dog's Tooth Violet</span></b><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;">, <i>Erythronium den-canis</i>: 15cm H 10cm W. appears in spring for a few months each year. bulbs edible raw or cooked, also try <i>E. revoltum</i> 'pagoda' for a bigger, version.<br />
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<b>Tassel Hyacinth</b>, <i>Muscari botryoides</i>: 40cm H clumps 20cm W. Easy to grow, does well in short grass, almost invasive, 3.5cm bulbs edible, but a little bitter.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;">Or for beauty, there are many other bulbs, such as <b>daffodils</b>, <b>bluebells</b>, <b>crocus</b> etc that can be planted into the lawn. <br />
</span><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;"> </span> <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;"> </span> <br />
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<span style="color: #003333; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;"><b>wonderful wildflowers</b></span><img height="1" src="http://www.primalseeds.org/g/simline2.GIF" width="468" /></div><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;"> Perhaps you could turn some of your lawn into a ‘wildflower meadow’. This will attract butterflies and insects as well as bringing nature a bit closer to home. Choose a sunny position on poor soil to get the most flowers. Mow only after the seeds have set (around August) and remove the clippings to keep fertility low.<br />
Sow a mix of wild flowers into bare earth, or if grass is already established, grow in pots and plant out in Autumn or Spring, this is more work but gets better results. Most of the above taller lawn plants will do well as these edible ones below...<br />
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<b>Meadowsweet</b>, <i>Filipendula ulmaria</i>: 120cm H. Likes moist rich soil non acid soils, a useful medicinal and culinary herb.<br />
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<b>Sheep sorrel</b>, <i>Rumex acetosella</i>: 30cm H. prefers suny and moist spot, sharp edible salad leaves all year round.<br />
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<b>Red clover</b>, <i>Trifolium pratense</i>: 60cm H. attracts butterflies, moths and bees, put round apple trees for better fruit, edible leaves, fixes nitrogen.<br />
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Alternatively you could purchase a conservation wildflower mix from a local supplier, you won't be able to eat them though.<br />
<br />
For some more lawn fun see the <a href="http://www.primalseeds.org/urbanplants.htm#turf">guerrilla gardening pages</a>.<br />
<b><br />
Notes</b><br />
</span> <span style="font-size: xx-small;"> </span><span style="font-size: xx-small;"> </span><span style="font-size: xx-small;"> <a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=4063395844855180888&postID=7633687218891288167" name="a"></a><b><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">[a]</span></b><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Many pesticides have never been adequately tested for toxicity to humans or wildlife. According to the National Coalition Against the Misuse of Pesticides, 13 of the most commonly used lawn care pesticides can cause cancer, 14 can cause birth defects, 21 can damage the nervous system, 15 can injure the liver or kidney, and 30 are sensitizers or irritants. <a href="http://www.primalseeds.org/lawns.htm#3">[3]</a> The pesticide MCPA, used as an ingredient is some lawn pesticides, has been found to damage the blood brain barrier which protects against neurological illness.<a href="http://www.primalseeds.org/lawns.htm#4">[4]</a> Organophosphate pesticides have been shown to cause memory loss and short attention spans.<a href="http://www.primalseeds.org/lawns.htm#5">[5]</a> Other studies have linked long term pesticide use with prostate<a href="http://www.primalseeds.org/lawns.htm#6">[6]</a>, brain and lung cancer.<a href="http://www.primalseeds.org/lawns.htm#7">[7]</a> It is estimated that each year in the US, 67 million birds are poisoned by legally used pesticides.<a href="http://www.primalseeds.org/lawns.htm#3">[3]</a> Pesticides are often misused especially by homeowners, increasing the risks.<br />
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=4063395844855180888&postID=7633687218891288167" name="b"></a><b>[b]</b> Fertiliser is often over applied, causing runoff problems in nearby watercourses, as well as the obvious waste of fossil fuels in its manufacture and transport.<br />
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=4063395844855180888&postID=7633687218891288167" name="c"></a><b>[c]</b> It is estimated that 44% of domestic water consumption in California is used for lawns<a href="http://www.primalseeds.org/lawns.htm#8">[8]</a> In many areas ground water tables are being depleted. <br />
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=4063395844855180888&postID=7633687218891288167" name="d"></a><b>[d]</b> The manufacture of garden machinery uses energy, depletes resources and creates pollution as do the engine fumes or the power plants producing the electricity they run on. In the early 90’s it was estimated that 580,000,000 gallons of petrol were used to run lawnmowers in the US every year.<a href="http://www.primalseeds.org/lawns.htm#2">[2]</a></span></span> <span style="font-family: arial; font-size: xx-small;"><b><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;"><br />
<span style="font-size: xx-small;">References</span></span></b></span><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;"><br />
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=4063395844855180888&postID=7633687218891288167" name="1"></a><b>[1]</b> The Pesticide Scandal, Sayan, Kathyrne, Family Circle 2 April 1991. <br />
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=4063395844855180888&postID=7633687218891288167" name="2"></a><b>[2]</b> Redesigning the American Lawn, F. Herbert Bormann, Diana Balmori, Gordon T. Geballe, Yale University Press, 1993<br />
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=4063395844855180888&postID=7633687218891288167" name="3"></a><b>[3]</b> Spring, 1997 edition of The Arlington Environment, Volume Four, Number Four<br />
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=4063395844855180888&postID=7633687218891288167" name="4"></a><b>[4]</b> Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, 65:23, 1982 <br />
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=4063395844855180888&postID=7633687218891288167" name="5"></a><b>[5]</b> Annual Reviews in Public Health, 7:461, 1986<br />
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=4063395844855180888&postID=7633687218891288167" name="6"></a><b>[6]</b> Occupational Environmental Medicine, 56(1):14-21, 1999<br />
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=4063395844855180888&postID=7633687218891288167" name="7"></a><b>[7]</b> Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 71(1), July 1983 <br />
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=4063395844855180888&postID=7633687218891288167" name="8"></a><b>[8]</b> Permaculture a designers manual, Bill Mollison, Tagari publications, 1988.<br />
<b><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=4063395844855180888&postID=7633687218891288167" name="9"></a>[9]</b> Plants for a future- edible and useful plants for a healthier world, Ken Fern, Permanent publications, 1997.</span> <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;"><br />
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<tr> <td width="112"></td> <td width="142"></td> <td align="right" width="293"><span style="color: #663333; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">What to do with a Lawn</span></td> <td><img height="26" src="http://www.primalseeds.org/g/dandbo.gif" width="33" /></td> </tr>
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<span style="font-family: arial; font-size: xx-small;"> <i><img align="right" height="205" src="http://www.primalseeds.org/g/pulturf.jpg" width="185" />"You can't learn much from a lawn,<br />
but a garden has a whole world of wonders." </i> </span> <br />
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<span style="color: #003333; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;"><b>history</b></span><br />
<img height="1" src="http://www.primalseeds.org/g/simline2.GIF" width="283" /></div><br />
<span style="font-family: arial; font-size: xx-small;"> <br />
Lawns started out as grazing areas around the manors of the landed gentry. Having a nice lawn around the house was a sign of power as you owned sufficient land to raise sheep and cow.<br />
As the industrial revolution took hold and animals were less a sign of wealth, the lawn itself became the status symbol. You could indulge yourself in sparing land and time to recreational grounds.<br />
As people moved to the cities so did the grass, on ever smaller plots. First lawns were cut by hand and later with the mechanical lawnmower, (an automated, resource depleting, pointless cow.)<br />
The 20th Century saw an explosion of lawn making as commercial interests produced endless grass seed, fertiliser, pesticides, mowers, spreaders and irrigation equipment whilst developers discovered they could pass off cheap ‘gardens’ by spreading 3 inches of soil over hard subsoil and laying turf on top.<br />
Nowerdays, many lawns are rarely used and some are so covered with chemicals children have been permanently injured after walking barefoot on them.<a href="http://www.primalseeds.org/lawns.htm#1">[1]</a> </span></span></td> </tr>
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<span style="color: #003333; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;"><b>the modern lawn - a waste of resources</b></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: arial; font-size: xx-small;"> </span><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: xx-small;"> <br />
The modern pure grass lawn is artificial... you need effort and chemicals to maintain a monoculture. </span><br />
<ul><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: xx-small;">
<li> Misuse and the inherent toxicity of standard pesticides cause short and long term poisoning, cancer and disease in people and wildlife. <a href="http://www.primalseeds.org/lawns.htm#a">[a]</a></li>
<li>Extensive use and overuse of fertilisers (due to lack of restrictions) causes water pollution problems and wastes resources. <a href="http://www.primalseeds.org/lawns.htm#b">[b]</a> </li>
<li> Endless summer irrigation to keep lawns green wastes massive amounts of water and depletes water tables. <span style="font-size: x-small;"><a href="http://www.primalseeds.org/lawns.htm#c"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">[c]</span></a></span></li>
<li>Lawnmowers, strimmers and other lawn machinery unregulated for environmental emissions, use vast amounts of petrol and are a significant factor in urban air and noise pollution. <a href="http://www.primalseeds.org/lawns.htm#d">[d]</a></li>
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<span style="font-family: arial; font-size: xx-small;"> The lawn is the worlds third agriculture. It is probable that westerners spend more person hours, energy and resources on their lawns than any agricultural resource of the third world.<a href="http://www.primalseeds.org/lawns.htm#8">[8]</a> <br />
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<span style="font-family: arial; font-size: xx-small;"><b>In the early 1990’s in the United States…</b><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><b>$ 25 billion</b></span> a year was spent on lawn care products.<br />
Of this,<br />
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><b>$ 5,250 million</b></span> was spent on fossil fuel-derived fertilisers and...<br />
<b><span style="font-size: xx-small;"> $ 700 million</span></b> was spent on 28 million kgs of poisonous synthetic pesticides.<br />
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<b>Meanwhile<span style="font-size: xx-small;"> 20 million acres</span></b> were planted in residential lawns <br />
and the average city sprayed its lawns with <span style="font-size: xx-small;"><b>30 </b><span style="font-size: xx-small;">to</span><b> 60 %</b></span> of its fresh water supply.<a href="http://www.primalseeds.org/lawns.htm#2">[2]</a></span></div></td> </tr>
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<span style="font-family: arial; font-size: xx-small;"> <br />
The lawn is a green desert. Adoption of a monoculture for a garden drastically reduces the habitats available for wildlife. Birds, bees, butterflies and other animals all begin to disappear. Often leaving an unstable ecosystem where common ‘pest’ species seem to flourish.</span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=4063395844855180888&postID=7633687218891288167" name="alt"></a> <br />
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<span style="color: #003333; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;"><b>alternatives</b></span><img height="1" src="http://www.primalseeds.org/g/simline2.GIF" width="468" /></div><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;"> <br />
Aside from keeping animals or ripping up the turf to plant trees and bushes, build vegetable beds, a pond or a greenhouse there are many things you can do to keep the same purpose of a lawn whilst adding diversity and removing chemical and mechanical dependence. (Unless the area you have is subject to heavy traffic and abuse, where turf is probably the most suitable thing to use.) If you just want somewhere to sit, try making a bench a focal point of your garden. <br />
Lawns can be made more edible, medicinal, beautiful and nice smelling by adding low growing aromatic herbs and flowers. The plants below have been specially selected because they will tolerate at least infrequent mowings. For best results don’t cut as often or as short as a normal lawn and try to lay off for at least 3 weeks in the summer to let the taller plants flower and set seed. You could try sowing them into small gaps in the grass or better still plant them out. For low maintenance choose plants that will like your local conditions.</span> </td> </tr>
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<img alt="White clover flower" height="130" src="http://www.primalseeds.org/g/whiteclover.gif" width="112" /></td> <td width="468"><div align="right"><br />
<span style="color: #003333; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;"><b>lively lawns </b></span><img height="1" src="http://www.primalseeds.org/g/simline2.GIF" width="468" /></div><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;">Apart from the obvious <b>dandelions</b> (Taraxacum officinale), <b>daisy</b> (Bellis perennis) and <b>plantains</b> (Plantago major, plantago media) which are all excellent in lawns, freely self seed, add variety and can also be eaten once you get past seeing them just as ‘weeds,’ try…</span></div><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;"><b>White Clover</b>, <i>Trifolium repens</i>: 10cm H, spreads, adds nitrogen to the soil, attracts bees and butterflies. You can eat the flowers and leaves, (bit fiddly though)</span></div><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;"><b>Camomile</b>, <i>Chamaemelum nobile</i>: 15cm H 30cm W, <i>Plants for a future</i>[<a href="http://www.primalseeds.org/lawns.htm#9">9</a>] recommend for smell but not for medicine, (no flowers), a cultivar called ‘<i>Treneague</i>’ which is low growing, spreads and will succeed if the grass is cut low and often, however you'll have to find a cutting, there are no seeds.</span></div><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;"><b>Wild thyme</b>, <i>Thymus serpyllum</i>: 10cm H 30cm W Forms spreading clumps, pink flowers attract bees in summer, drought tolerant, needs sun. High in antioxidants and an essential kitchen herb.</span></div><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;"><b>Lemon thyme</b>, <i>Thymus x citiodorus</i>: 10cm H 30cm W. Likes light well drained soil and full sun, can be planted by division.</span></div><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;"><b>Coltsfoot</b>, <i>Tussilago farfara</i>: 25cm H, spreads invasively. Tolerates shade, does well in all soils, flowers edible mar-apr, leaves appear afterwards, used for treatment of respiratory problems.</span></div><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;"><b>Rough Hawkbit</b>, <i>Leontodon hispidus</i>: 40cm H 30cm W. Similar to dandelion, prefers chalky soil, flowers all summer, attracts bees & butterflies, edible leaves most of the year.</span> </div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td valign="top"><img alt="Self heal" height="177" src="http://www.primalseeds.org/g/prunella.gif" width="110" /></td> <td><b><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;">Salad burnet</span></b><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;">, <i>Sanguisorba minor</i>: 55cm H 30cm W. Prefers chalky soil and slightly longer grass, flowers May-Aug and provides edible young leaves all year round. </span> <br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;"><b>Self Heal</b>, <i>Prunella vulgaris</i>: 15cm H spreading to form clumps 30cm W. Prefers moist soil, tolerates low cutting and shade, flowers mid to late summer, attracts bees & butterflies, eaten in salads and an healing herb for cuts and wounds.</span></div><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;"><b>Yarrow</b>, <i>Achillea millefolium</i>: upto 60cm H spreads, hardy, drought resistant, good in poor soils, and a very useful medicinal herb. </span></div><br />
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<span style="color: #003333; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;"><b>beautiful bulbs</b></span><img height="1" src="http://www.primalseeds.org/g/simline2.GIF" width="468" /></div><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;"> By lengthening the time between mowings you can also grow taller plants such as bulbs. Planted surreptitiously they are a nice surprise. All below are edible and most spread naturally. It is advisable to plant bulbs of similar flowering times together to make any lawn maintenance more straightforward.<br />
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<b>Field</b> & <b>Crow garlic</b>, <i>Allium oleraceum</i> & <i>A. vineale</i>: 60cm H, 5cm W. Both almost invasive in grass if left to form bulbils in jul-aug, tolerant of mowing, leaves edible autumn to following summer. If cows eat them, their milk is tainted.<br />
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<b>Quamash</b>, <i>Camassia quamash</i>: 50cm H 10cm W. Does well in short grass and under trees, flowers late spring, very edible bulbs when cooked.</span><br />
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<tr> <td valign="top"><img alt="Tassel hyacinth" height="165" src="http://www.primalseeds.org/g/hyacinth.gif" width="111" /></td> <td><b><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;">Dog's Tooth Violet</span></b><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;">, <i>Erythronium den-canis</i>: 15cm H 10cm W. appears in spring for a few months each year. bulbs edible raw or cooked, also try <i>E. revoltum</i> 'pagoda' for a bigger, version.<br />
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<b>Tassel Hyacinth</b>, <i>Muscari botryoides</i>: 40cm H clumps 20cm W. Easy to grow, does well in short grass, almost invasive, 3.5cm bulbs edible, but a little bitter.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;">Or for beauty, there are many other bulbs, such as <b>daffodils</b>, <b>bluebells</b>, <b>crocus</b> etc that can be planted into the lawn. <br />
</span><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;"> </span> <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;"> </span> <br />
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<span style="color: #003333; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;"><b>wonderful wildflowers</b></span><img height="1" src="http://www.primalseeds.org/g/simline2.GIF" width="468" /></div><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;"> Perhaps you could turn some of your lawn into a ‘wildflower meadow’. This will attract butterflies and insects as well as bringing nature a bit closer to home. Choose a sunny position on poor soil to get the most flowers. Mow only after the seeds have set (around August) and remove the clippings to keep fertility low.<br />
Sow a mix of wild flowers into bare earth, or if grass is already established, grow in pots and plant out in Autumn or Spring, this is more work but gets better results. Most of the above taller lawn plants will do well as these edible ones below...<br />
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<b>Meadowsweet</b>, <i>Filipendula ulmaria</i>: 120cm H. Likes moist rich soil non acid soils, a useful medicinal and culinary herb.<br />
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<b>Sheep sorrel</b>, <i>Rumex acetosella</i>: 30cm H. prefers suny and moist spot, sharp edible salad leaves all year round.<br />
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<b>Red clover</b>, <i>Trifolium pratense</i>: 60cm H. attracts butterflies, moths and bees, put round apple trees for better fruit, edible leaves, fixes nitrogen.<br />
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Alternatively you could purchase a conservation wildflower mix from a local supplier, you won't be able to eat them though.<br />
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For some more lawn fun see the <a href="http://www.primalseeds.org/urbanplants.htm#turf">guerrilla gardening pages</a>.<br />
<b><br />
Notes</b><br />
</span> <span style="font-size: xx-small;"> </span><span style="font-size: xx-small;"> </span><span style="font-size: xx-small;"> <a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=4063395844855180888&postID=7633687218891288167" name="a"></a><b><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">[a]</span></b><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Many pesticides have never been adequately tested for toxicity to humans or wildlife. According to the National Coalition Against the Misuse of Pesticides, 13 of the most commonly used lawn care pesticides can cause cancer, 14 can cause birth defects, 21 can damage the nervous system, 15 can injure the liver or kidney, and 30 are sensitizers or irritants. <a href="http://www.primalseeds.org/lawns.htm#3">[3]</a> The pesticide MCPA, used as an ingredient is some lawn pesticides, has been found to damage the blood brain barrier which protects against neurological illness.<a href="http://www.primalseeds.org/lawns.htm#4">[4]</a> Organophosphate pesticides have been shown to cause memory loss and short attention spans.<a href="http://www.primalseeds.org/lawns.htm#5">[5]</a> Other studies have linked long term pesticide use with prostate<a href="http://www.primalseeds.org/lawns.htm#6">[6]</a>, brain and lung cancer.<a href="http://www.primalseeds.org/lawns.htm#7">[7]</a> It is estimated that each year in the US, 67 million birds are poisoned by legally used pesticides.<a href="http://www.primalseeds.org/lawns.htm#3">[3]</a> Pesticides are often misused especially by homeowners, increasing the risks.<br />
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=4063395844855180888&postID=7633687218891288167" name="b"></a><b>[b]</b> Fertiliser is often over applied, causing runoff problems in nearby watercourses, as well as the obvious waste of fossil fuels in its manufacture and transport.<br />
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=4063395844855180888&postID=7633687218891288167" name="c"></a><b>[c]</b> It is estimated that 44% of domestic water consumption in California is used for lawns<a href="http://www.primalseeds.org/lawns.htm#8">[8]</a> In many areas ground water tables are being depleted. <br />
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=4063395844855180888&postID=7633687218891288167" name="d"></a><b>[d]</b> The manufacture of garden machinery uses energy, depletes resources and creates pollution as do the engine fumes or the power plants producing the electricity they run on. In the early 90’s it was estimated that 580,000,000 gallons of petrol were used to run lawnmowers in the US every year.<a href="http://www.primalseeds.org/lawns.htm#2">[2]</a></span></span> <span style="font-family: arial; font-size: xx-small;"><b><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;"><br />
<span style="font-size: xx-small;">References</span></span></b></span><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;"><br />
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=4063395844855180888&postID=7633687218891288167" name="1"></a><b>[1]</b> The Pesticide Scandal, Sayan, Kathyrne, Family Circle 2 April 1991. <br />
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=4063395844855180888&postID=7633687218891288167" name="2"></a><b>[2]</b> Redesigning the American Lawn, F. Herbert Bormann, Diana Balmori, Gordon T. Geballe, Yale University Press, 1993<br />
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=4063395844855180888&postID=7633687218891288167" name="3"></a><b>[3]</b> Spring, 1997 edition of The Arlington Environment, Volume Four, Number Four<br />
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=4063395844855180888&postID=7633687218891288167" name="4"></a><b>[4]</b> Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, 65:23, 1982 <br />
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=4063395844855180888&postID=7633687218891288167" name="5"></a><b>[5]</b> Annual Reviews in Public Health, 7:461, 1986<br />
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=4063395844855180888&postID=7633687218891288167" name="6"></a><b>[6]</b> Occupational Environmental Medicine, 56(1):14-21, 1999<br />
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=4063395844855180888&postID=7633687218891288167" name="7"></a><b>[7]</b> Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 71(1), July 1983 <br />
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=4063395844855180888&postID=7633687218891288167" name="8"></a><b>[8]</b> Permaculture a designers manual, Bill Mollison, Tagari publications, 1988.<br />
<b><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=4063395844855180888&postID=7633687218891288167" name="9"></a>[9]</b> Plants for a future- edible and useful plants for a healthier world, Ken Fern, Permanent publications, 1997.</span> <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;"><br />
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</div>aubuniquehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14281865213176006571noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5691877789641781013.post-80718693756512837592011-07-30T21:12:00.002-05:002011-07-30T21:12:35.893-05:00Two five-minute nature videos recorded on 28 July 2011 to be run on Fayetteville Public Television from Monday, August 1, 2011, through Friday, August 5, 2011<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="349" src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/A9W03ny7Lbk?hl=en&fs=1" width="425"></iframe></div>aubuniquehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14281865213176006571noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5691877789641781013.post-3793773435403914132011-07-12T18:53:00.001-05:002011-07-12T18:55:31.672-05:00Graphic carbon dioxide Web site worth visiting: Site looks incomplete here, but click on the links. They are live and take the reader to the site itself<div id="navcontainer"><div id="navbar"><ul><li class="active"><a href="http://co2now.org/">CO2 Home</a></li>
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</div><div align="center"><span class="style39"><span style="color: #333333;"><span class="style57">393.69</span><span class="style40">ppm</span></span></span></div><div align="center" class="style64"><br />
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</div><div align="center" class="style64"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: x-large;">Atmospheric CO</span><span style="font-family: Verdana;"><span class="style62">2</span></span><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: x-large;"> for June 2011</span></div><div align="center" class="style64"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Preliminary data released July 5, 2011 (Mauna Loa Observatory: NOAA-ESRL</span><span style="font-size: x-small;">)</span></div><div align="center" class="style64"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="style64"><a href="http://co2now.org/"><img alt="Current chart and data for atmospheric CO2" border="0" height="500" src="http://co2now.org/images/stories/widgets/co2_widget_brundtland_600_graph.gif" width="600" /></a></div><br />
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<tr> <td valign="top" width="157"><div align="right" class="style66">CO<span style="font-size: smaller;">2</span> Data Set:</div></td> <td align="left" width="473"><div align="left" class="style67"><span class="style59">Original data file posted by NOAA-ESRL on <a href="http://www.co2now.org/Current-CO2/CO2-Now/Current-Data-for-Atmospheric-CO2.html" title="">Tuesday July 5, 2011</a></span></div></td></tr>
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<tr> <td valign="top"><div align="right" class="style66">Measuring Location:</div></td> <td align="left"><div align="left" class="style60"><a href="http://www.co2now.org/Know-CO2/CO2-Monitoring/mauna-loa-co2.html" title="">Mauna Loa Observatory</a>, Hawaii</div></td></tr>
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<tr> <td valign="top"><div align="right" class="style66">Data Source:</div></td> <td align="left"><div align="left" class="style67"><span class="style59">Scripps CO2 Program UCSD / Scripps Institution of Oceanography</span></div></td></tr>
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<tr> <td valign="top"><div align="right" class="style66">Why is CO<span style="font-size: smaller;">2 </span>significant?</div></td> <td align="left"><div align="left" class="style67"><span class="style59">Carbon dioxide (CO<span style="font-size: smaller;">2</span>) is the chief greenhouse gas that results from human activities and causes global warming and climate change. To see whether enough is being done at the moment to solve these global problems, there is no single indicator as complete and current as the monthly updates for atmospheric CO<span style="font-size: smaller;">2</span> from the <a href="http://www.co2now.org/Know-CO2/CO2-Monitoring/mauna-loa-co2.html" title=""><u><span style="color: purple;">Mauna Loa Observatory</span></u></a>.</span></div></td></tr>
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<tr> <td valign="top"><div align="right" class="style66">What is the current trend?</div></td> <td align="left"><div align="left" class="style67"><span class="style59">The <a href="http://www.co2now.org/Current-CO2/CO2-Trend/acceleration-of-atmospheric-co2.html" title="">concentrations of CO2 in the atmosphere are increasing at an accelerating rate</a> from decade to decade. accelerating from decade to decade. The latest atmospheric CO2 data is consistent with a continuation of this long-standing trend. </span></div></td></tr>
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<tr> <td valign="top"><div align="right" class="style66">What level is safe?</div></td> <td align="left"><div align="left" class="style67"><span class="style59">The <a href="http://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/0804/0804.1126.pdf" title=""><u>upper safety limit for atmospheric CO<span style="font-size: smaller;">2</span> is 350 parts per million</u></a> (ppm). Atmospheric CO<span style="font-size: smaller;">2</span> levels have stayed higher than 350 ppm since early 1988. </span></div></td></tr>
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<tr> <td class="contentheading" width="100%"><a class="contentpagetitle" href="http://co2now.org/Current-CO2/CO2-Now/Current-Data-for-Atmospheric-CO2.html"> Current Data for Atmospheric CO2</a> </td> </tr>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: x-small;">The world's most current data for atmospheric CO<span style="font-size: xx-small;">2</span> is measured at the <b>Mauna Loa Observatoy</b> in Hawaii. Measurements are made and reported independently by two scientific institutions: <b>Scripps Institution of Oceanography</b> and the <b>National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration</b> (NOAA). Monthly data is posted below. </span><br />
<h4 align="left"><span style="color: black;">Mauna Loa CO<span style="font-size: x-small;">2 </span>Data Sets:</span></h4><div align="left"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: x-small;"> <a href="http://co2now.org/Current-CO2/CO2-Now/noaa-mauna-loa-co2-data.html" title="">NOAA CO<span style="font-size: xx-small;">2</span> Data</a></span></div><div align="left"><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: x-small;"> <a href="http://co2now.org/Current-CO2/CO2-Now/scripps-co2-data-mauna-loa-observatory.html" title="">Scripps CO<span style="font-size: xx-small;">2</span> Data</a></span></div><div align="center"><br />
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<tr> <td class="contentheading" width="100%"><a class="contentpagetitle" href="http://co2now.org/Current-CO2/CO2-Now/annual-co2.html"> Annual Data | Atmospheric CO2</a> </td> </tr>
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<tr> <td colspan="2" valign="top"><div align="left"><img alt="Annual CO2 Levels in the Atmosphere" height="177" src="http://co2now.org/images/stories/widgets/600-co2-arrows-annual.png" style="margin-bottom: 3px; margin-top: 3px;" title="Annual CO2 Levels in the Atmosphere" width="650" /></div><div align="left">The 2010 average annual concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere (Mauna Loa Observatory) is 389.78 parts per million (ppm). The 2009 average is 387.35 ppm. For the past decade (2001-2010) the average annual increase is 2.04 ppm per year. <a href="ftp://ftp.cmdl.noaa.gov/ccg/co2/trends/co2_annmean_mlo.txt" title="">Annual data</a> for 2010 was posted January 7, 2011, by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration in the US. </div>Since the 1958 start of precision CO2 measurements in the atmosphere, the annual mean concentration of CO2 has only increased from one year to the next. The <a href="http://co2now.org/Current-CO2/CO2-Now/annual-co2.html" title="">CO2 data below</a> give a simple overview of the annual trend. </td> </tr>
<tr> <td align="left" colspan="2"><a class="readon" href="http://co2now.org/Current-CO2/CO2-Now/annual-co2.html"> Read more...</a> </td> </tr>
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<tr> <td class="contentheading" width="100%"><a class="contentpagetitle" href="http://co2now.org/Current-CO2/CO2-Now/global-temperature-update.html"> Global Temperature Update</a> </td> </tr>
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<div align="center"><span style="font-size: small;"><b></b></span><span style="font-size: small;"><b></b></span><span style="font-size: small;"><b></b></span><span style="font-size: small;"><b></b></span><span style="font-size: small;"><b></b></span><span style="font-size: small;"><b> <div align="center"><img alt="The Most Current Data on Earth | Global Temperature" height="500" src="http://actionwidgets.org/en/e/temperature-m/600-earth-temperature.png" style="margin-bottom: 2px; margin-top: 2px;" title="The Most Current Data on Earth | Global Temperature" width="600" /></div></b> <div align="left"><br />
</div><div align="left"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">June 15, 2011</span></b></div></span> </div><div align="left">For Earth, May 2011 is the 10th warmest May on record since 1880. The warmest May on record is May 2010. </div><div align="left">The information and data was posted June 15, 2011 by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and its <a href="http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/ncdc.html" title="">National Climate Data Center</a>(NCDC) in the USA. Data is updated monthly. </div><div align="left">Annually, 2010 is tied with 2005 as the warmest year on record. </div><div align="left">More details about global temperature are available in the State of the Climate reports (Global Analysis) at the NOAA-NCDC website. These reports present preliminary, global data that has been gathered from monitoring stations and leading institutions around the world. The reports include a <a href="http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/sotc/hazards/" title="">Global Hazards</a>section that gives a global update on <a href="http://co2now.org/#drought">drought & wildfires</a>, <a href="http://co2now.org/#flooding">flooding</a>, <a href="http://co2now.org/#storms">storms</a>, <a href="http://co2now.org/#winter">severe winter weather</a>, and <a href="http://co2now.org/#ecosystems">ecosystems impacts</a>. A <a href="http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/sotc/global-snow/" title="">Snow and Ice</a> section reports on snow cover in the Northern Hemisphere and sea ice extent in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. </div><span style="color: black; font-size: x-small;"> <div align="left">NOTE: Global temperatures set out in the CO2Now graphic (above) are computed from NOAA estimates of global average temperature for the 20th century and adding the current 20th-century anomaly. <span style="color: #0033cc;"> </span></div></span> <br />
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</div><div align="left"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">More Info from NOAA-NCDC:</span></b></div><div align="left"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">NOAA NDCC | <a href="http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/sotc/global/" title="">State of the Climate Global Analysis | REPORT</a></span></div><div align="left"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">NOAA NDCC | </span><a href="ftp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/anomalies/monthly.land_ocean.90S.90N.df_1901-2000mean.dat"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"><span style="color: black;">Global land and ocean surface temperature anomalies since 1880 | DATA</span></span></a></div><div align="left"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">NOAA NCDC | </span><a href="http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/cmb-faq/anomalies.html"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Q&As about global surface temperature anomalies | QUESTIONS & ANSWERS </span></a></div><div align="left"><span style="color: black; font-size: x-small;">NOAA NCDC | <a href="http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/sotc/global/2010/13" title="">2010 Annual State of the Climate Global Analysis | PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS</a></span></div><div align="left"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">NOAA NCDC | </span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"><a href="http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/cmb/bams-sotc/2009/bams-sotc-2009-brochure-lo-rez.pdf" title="">2009 State of the Climate Highlights | PDF: 10-pages</a></span><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;"><br />
(Ten planetary indicators all show that the planet is warming) </span></div><div align="left"><br />
</div><div align="left"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Related:</span></b></div><div align="left"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">Climate Interactive | <a href="http://climateinteractive.org/scoreboard/press/unep-emissions-gap-press-pack/" title="">UNEP Emissions Gap Report & Temperature-Related Tools</a></span></div><div align="left"><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">The Royal Society | <a href="http://rsta.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/369/1934.toc" title="">Four degrees and beyond</a></span></div><div align="left"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">CO<span style="font-size: xx-small;">2</span>Now | <a href="http://co2now.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=247&Itemid=31" title="">The CO<span style="font-size: xx-small;">2</span>Now Climate Sheet</a></span></span></div><div align="left"><br />
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<tr> <td class="contentheading" width="100%"><a class="contentpagetitle" href="http://co2now.org/Current-CO2/CO2-Now/the-climate-sheet.html"> The CO2Now Climate Sheet</a> </td> </tr>
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<tr> <td colspan="2" valign="top"><div align="left"><a href="http://co2now.org/Current-CO2/CO2-Now/the-climate-sheet.html" title=""><img alt="The Climate Sheet" border="0" height="87" src="http://co2now.org/images/stories/the-climate-sheet/the-climate-sheet-header-650w.png" style="margin-bottom: 3px; margin-top: 3px;" title="The Climate Sheet" width="650" /></a></div><b>Updated July 5, 2011</b><br />
<i>Climate Sheet</i> posts the world’s most current and important planetary data and targets – together in one place from leading global sources. <i>The CO<span style="font-size: xx-small;">2</span>Now Climate Sheet</i> enumerates the chain of causes that are driving humanity’s largest environmental crises – global warming, climate change and ocean acidification. It also sets out key scientific markers for setting things right.<br />
This full edition of <i>The CO<span style="font-size: xx-small;">2</span>Now Climate Sheet</i> is updated as the latest planetary data is released each month. An "In Brief" edition is distributed electronically in the twice-monthly newsletter: <i><a href="http://co2now.org/Table/-This-Site/Atmospheric-Post/" title="">@mospheric Post</a>. </i></td> </tr>
<tr> <td align="left" colspan="2"><a class="readon" href="http://co2now.org/Current-CO2/CO2-Now/the-climate-sheet.html"> Read more...</a> </td> </tr>
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<tr> <td class="contentheading" width="100%"><a class="contentpagetitle" href="http://co2now.org/Current-CO2/CO2-Now/global-carbon-emissions.html"> Global Carbon Emissions</a> </td> </tr>
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<tr> <td colspan="2" valign="top"><div align="center"><img alt="Humanity's Global Carbon Emissions 2000 - 2009" height="500" src="http://co2now.org/images/stories/graphics/carbon-budget/global-carbon-budget-2000-2009-600w.jpg" style="margin-bottom: 3px; margin-top: 3px;" title="Humanity's Global Carbon Emissions 2000 - 2009" width="600" /></div><h4>Carbon Emissions 2009 </h4><b><i>Nature Geoscience</i></b> and <b>GlobalCarbon</b><b>Project.org</b> published data for the <b>2009 Global Carbon Budget</b> on November 21, 2010.<br />
In 2009, fossil fuel CO2 emissions decreased by 1.3%. These emissions were second highest in human history, just below 2008 emissions. They are 37% higher than in 1990 (Kyoto reference year). <br />
Coal is now the largest fossil-fuel source of CO2 emissions. About 92% of the growth in coal emissions for the period 2007-2009 resulted from increased coal use in China and India. If economic growth proceeds as expected, global fossil fuel emissions are projected to increase by more than 3% in 2010.<br />
<div align="center"><b><span style="font-size: medium;">Data for Global Carbon Emissions <br />
</span></b>(Fossil fuels, cement, land-use change)</div><table border="0" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;" summary=""><tbody>
<tr valign="top"> <th scope="col" width="50%"><div align="center"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Year</span></b> </div></th> <th scope="col" width="50%"><div align="left"><span style="color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><b>Carbon Emissions </b></span></div></th> </tr>
<tr valign="top"> <td><div align="center"><span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana; font-size: x-small;">2009</span></div></td> <td><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: x-small;"> <span style="color: black;">9.28 billion metric tonnes per year</span> </span></td></tr>
<tr valign="top"> <td><div align="center"><span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana; font-size: x-small;">2008</span></div></td> <td><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: x-small;"> <span style="color: black;">9.45 billion of metric tonnes per year</span> </span></td></tr>
<tr valign="top"> <td><div align="center"><span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana; font-size: x-small;">2007</span></div></td> <td><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: x-small;"> <span style="color: black;">9.31 billion metric tonnes per year </span> </span></td></tr>
<tr valign="top"> <td><div align="center"><span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana; font-size: x-small;">2006</span></div></td> <td><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-size: x-small;"> <span style="color: black;">9.22 billion metric tonnes per year </span><span style="color: #333333;"> </span></span></td></tr>
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To convert the data for carbon to carbon dioxide (CO2), multiply the numbers above by 3.67. <span style="background-color: white;"> </span><br />
<span style="background-color: white;"><i>Science Daily | <a href="http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/11/101121160229.htm" title="">Global CO2 emissions may reach record levels in 2010</a><br />
</i>Global carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions -- the main contributor to global warming -- show no sign of abating and may reach record levels in 2010, according to a study led by the University of Exeter (UK).</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white;">Sai Gon Giai Phong | </span><a href="http://www.saigon-gpdaily.com.vn/International/2010/11/87365/" title=""><span style="background-color: white;">No let up in carbon emissions, scientists warn </span></a><i><span style="background-color: white;"><br />
Annual emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) from the burning of oil, gas and coal were 30.8 billion tonnes, a retreat of only 1.3 percent in 2009 compared with 2008, a record year, scientists said in a letter to the journal Nature Geoscience. The global decrease was less than half that had been expected, because emerging giant economies were unaffected by the downturn that hit many large industrialised nations. </span></i><br />
>>>> Links to the source data, credits and high-resolution images are given <a href="http://co2now.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=190&Itemid=31" title="">below</a>.</td> </tr>
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</tbody></table></div></td> <td id="leftcol" style="background-image: url("http://co2now.org/templates/js_weblogic_brown/images/module_divider.png"); background-position: 0px 0px; background-repeat: repeat-y; width: 275px;"><div class="inside"><div class="moduletable"><h3>Cause and Effect </h3><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody>
<tr align="left"><td><a class="mainlevel" href="http://co2now.org/Know-the-Changing-Climate/Climate-System/">Climate System</a></td></tr>
<tr align="left"><td><a class="mainlevel" href="http://co2now.org/Know-the-Changing-Climate/Climate-Changes/">Climate Changes</a></td></tr>
<tr align="left"><td><a class="mainlevel" href="http://co2now.org/Know-the-Changing-Climate/Effects/">Effects</a></td></tr>
<tr align="left"><td><a class="mainlevel" href="http://co2now.org/Know-the-Changing-Climate/Scientific-Predictions/">Scientific Predictions</a></td></tr>
<tr align="left"><td><a class="mainlevel" href="http://co2now.org/Know-the-Changing-Climate/Climate-Science/">Climate Science</a></td></tr>
<tr align="left"><td><a class="mainlevel" href="http://co2now.org/Know-the-Changing-Climate/Temperature/">Temperature</a></td></tr>
<tr align="left"><td><a class="mainlevel" href="http://co2now.org/Know-the-Changing-Climate/Climate-FAQs/">Climate FAQs</a></td></tr>
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</tbody></table></div><div class="moduletable"><h3>Know CO2 </h3><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody>
<tr align="left"><td><a class="mainlevel" href="http://co2now.org/Know-CO2/The-Need-to-Know-CO2/">The Need to Know CO2</a></td></tr>
<tr align="left"><td><a class="mainlevel" href="http://co2now.org/Know-CO2/CO2-Monitoring/">CO2 Monitoring</a></td></tr>
</tbody></table></div><div class="moduletable"><h3>Know GHGs </h3><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody>
<tr align="left"><td><a class="mainlevel" href="http://co2now.org/Know-GHGs/Emissions/">Emissions</a></td></tr>
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<a href="http://co2now.org/"> CO2Now.org</a> | See CO2. Know CO2. Show CO2.</div>aubuniquehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14281865213176006571noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5691877789641781013.post-36748471441576850042011-07-12T10:38:00.000-05:002011-07-12T10:38:46.844-05:00UA's Science Cafe host for climate presentation by John Hehr and Dorian Burnett at 6:30 p.m. at Powerhouse Seafood on University Avenue just south of Dickson Street<span class="ecxApple-style-span" style="border-collapse: separate; color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: small; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;"><h2><span>The UA is hosting this talk tonight at Powerhouse on weather and climate. See below from the UA Newswire.</span></h2><h2><span>'Science Cafe: Wild, Weird and Wicked Weather' Set for July 12?</span></h2><h3 class="ecxdeck"><span id="ecxctl00_ContentPlaceHolder1_DeckLabel"></span></h3>Floods, tornadoes and dry spells may have you wondering what's going on with this wild, weird and wicked weather lately. What's the short- and long-term forecast for this and coming years? Do you have a personal weather story you would like to share?<span class="ecxApple-converted-space"> </span><br />
<br />
Join the University of Arkansas<span class="ecxApple-converted-space"> </span><strong><u><em>"Science Café: Food For Thought" event from 6:30 to 8 p.m. Tuesday, July 12</em></u></strong>, with a panel of experts set to facilitate a relaxed evening of interaction, information and discussion.<span class="ecxApple-converted-space"> </span><br />
<br />
This event at Powerhouse Seafood and Grill, 112 N. University Ave. in Fayetteville, is free and open to the public. Food and drink will be available for purchase.<span class="ecxApple-converted-space"> </span><em><u>Panel members will be John Hehr, professor of climate and meteorology, and Dorian Burnett, a storm chaser in the department of geosciences.</u></em><br />
<br />
For more information, contact Lynne Hehr at<span class="ecxApple-converted-space"> </span><a href="mailto:lhehr@uark.edu">lhehr@uark.edu</a>.<span class="ecxApple-converted-space"> </span><br />
<div id="ecxKeywordsDiv">Keywords:<span class="ecxApple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://newswire.uark.edu/TopicsList.aspx?keyword=35" target="_blank">Events</a><span class="ecxApple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://newswire.uark.edu/TopicsList.aspx?keyword=19" target="_blank">Lectures</a><span class="ecxApple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://newswire.uark.edu/TopicsList.aspx?keyword=34" target="_blank">Science</a><span class="ecxApple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://newswire.uark.edu/TopicsList.aspx?keyword=27" target="_blank">Sustainability & Environment</a></div><div id="ecxcontacts"><h4><strong>Contacts:</strong></h4></div>Heidi Stambuck, director of communication<br />
College of Education and Health Professions<br />
479-575-3138,<span class="ecxApple-converted-space"> </span><a href="mailto:stambuck@uark.edu">stambuck@uark.edu</a><span class="ecxApple-converted-space"> </span></span>aubuniquehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14281865213176006571noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5691877789641781013.post-91212039764935695082011-05-11T20:23:00.000-05:002011-05-13T15:26:26.005-05:00Climate-action forum Friday week: See information and map below<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">Please click on image to ENLARGE.<br />
<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjv1ZxkhVTbHYO8ghFELSRA6iooWUESji74ggL9oplYf8tqxtMp1MxpU0tHXpTLQgIgVT-dhgqWk1sFsZjqlCRncYJ-SAV5UZypEQAl6XaSa-JVsxzHe3Nk7rMKQ-6iTaNLPM-RePaiTPij/s1600/ClimateChangeBookForum.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjv1ZxkhVTbHYO8ghFELSRA6iooWUESji74ggL9oplYf8tqxtMp1MxpU0tHXpTLQgIgVT-dhgqWk1sFsZjqlCRncYJ-SAV5UZypEQAl6XaSa-JVsxzHe3Nk7rMKQ-6iTaNLPM-RePaiTPij/s640/ClimateChangeBookForum.jpg" width="409" /></a></div><br />
</div></div><iframe frameborder="0" height="350" marginheight="0" marginwidth="0" scrolling="no" src="http://maps.google.com/maps?q=3724+Lee+ave+fayetteville+ar&oe=utf-8&client=firefox-a&ie=UTF8&hq=&hnear=3724+N+Lee+Ave,+Fayetteville,+Arkansas+72703&gl=us&t=h&z=14&ll=36.110614,-94.143366&output=embed" width="425"></iframe><br />
<small><a href="http://maps.google.com/maps?q=3724+Lee+ave+fayetteville+ar&oe=utf-8&client=firefox-a&ie=UTF8&hq=&hnear=3724+N+Lee+Ave,+Fayetteville,+Arkansas+72703&gl=us&t=h&z=14&ll=36.110614,-94.143366&source=embed" style="color: blue; text-align: left;">View Larger Map</a></small></div>aubuniquehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14281865213176006571noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5691877789641781013.post-15113682101671276972011-04-15T23:19:00.002-05:002011-04-15T23:19:49.889-05:00Invitation to attend Earth Day 2011 at World Peace Wetland Prairie and share your information on environmental and natural-resource conservation<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">Please click on image to ENLARGE view of Donna Stjerna and Kelly Mullholan's poster for Earth Day 2011 at World Peace Wetland Prairie.<br />
<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjnTFAUH3grUTsYqyPeWYL1rHbPdOJLsLfarVGsNAbPO_WQ_CLBfZsOL-Kbr-Qt45G1sk5IQfbsBo76KRoDBD0lcX01dLQqXRr-JPni_gyBR4FuB4lBbEatFkPltytFk42M3SPqBvQxMJfZ/s1600/EarthDayWPWP2011+Final+2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjnTFAUH3grUTsYqyPeWYL1rHbPdOJLsLfarVGsNAbPO_WQ_CLBfZsOL-Kbr-Qt45G1sk5IQfbsBo76KRoDBD0lcX01dLQqXRr-JPni_gyBR4FuB4lBbEatFkPltytFk42M3SPqBvQxMJfZ/s400/EarthDayWPWP2011+Final+2.jpg" width="286" /></a><br />
World Peace Wetland Prairie <a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jnPV_j3Wzks">EARTH DAY 2010 VIDEO</a> <br />
Flickr <a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/7295307@N02/collections/72157625907173097/">collection of sets of photos</a> from World Peace Wetland Prairie<br />
<a href="http://worldpeacewetlandprairie.blogspot.com/">World Peace Wetland Prairie blog</a><br />
<a href="http://www.worldpeacewetlandprairie.com/">World Peace Wetland Prairie.com</a><br />
Aubrey's photos at <a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/7295307@N02/">flickr.com</a> <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
2000-2005 archive of stories and photos related to creation of WPWP: <a href="http://www.aubunique.com/">www.aubunique.com</a></div>Please use link below the map to see larger view of the WPWP area, which also allows a person to travel the world by 'Google AIR' by simply using the cursor to move in any direction or search for other addresses.<br />
<iframe frameborder="0" height="350" marginheight="0" marginwidth="0" scrolling="no" src="http://maps.google.com/maps/ms?hl=en&ie=UTF8&msa=0&msid=205070046301439793026.00044e75eb1b35b26587e&source=embed&t=h&ll=36.051879,-94.172428&spn=0.001518,0.00228&output=embed" width="425"></iframe><br />
<small>View <a href="http://maps.google.com/maps/ms?hl=en&ie=UTF8&msa=0&msid=205070046301439793026.00044e75eb1b35b26587e&source=embed&t=h&ll=36.051879,-94.172428&spn=0.001518,0.00228" style="color: blue; text-align: left;">World Peace Wetland Prairie</a> in a larger map</small></div><br />
</div>aubuniquehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14281865213176006571noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5691877789641781013.post-17062782448613718922011-04-04T23:20:00.002-05:002011-04-04T23:20:45.247-05:00Video running this week (11 a.m., 5 p.m. and 11 p.m. Monday through Friday on Fayetteville public-access television<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="390" src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/THdY4GvGO0A" title="YouTube video player" width="480"></iframe></div>aubuniquehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14281865213176006571noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5691877789641781013.post-69396119636328348392011-03-30T09:43:00.002-05:002011-03-30T09:43:39.731-05:002005 November 27 to December 4 video<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><object height="344" width="425"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/FjgDxcvzWoQ?hl=en&fs=1"></param><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"></param><param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"></param><embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/FjgDxcvzWoQ?hl=en&fs=1" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="425" height="344"></embed></object></div>aubuniquehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14281865213176006571noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5691877789641781013.post-84997905032201460062011-03-24T22:51:00.000-05:002011-03-24T22:51:03.741-05:00Something Arkansas does NOT need now: Disastrous House Bill 1895 could be voted on by Arkansas Senate tomorrow<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 790px;"><tbody>
<tr><td class="pageName" width="445">In the News...</td> <td class="pageName" width="88"></td> <td bgcolor="#ffff99" class="pageName" width="18"></td> <td bgcolor="#ffff99" class="pageName" width="219"><div align="center" class="style3">GET INVOLVED...</div></td> <td bgcolor="#ffff99" class="pageName" width="20"></td> </tr>
<tr> <td class="bodyText" valign="top"><div class="sidebarText">Get the most up-to-date, national news from Sierra Club at the <a href="http://action.sierraclub.org/site/PageNavigator/E-Newsletters/Pressroom" target="_blank">Sierra Club Press Room</a>.</div><div class="sidebarText">Get local news about Arkansas legislative issues at the <a href="http://citizensfirst.org/front-page/" target="_blank">Arkansas Citizens First Congress site</a>.</div><div class="subHeader"><br />
</div><div class="subHeader">Important Legislative Update:</div>The Southwestern Electric Power Company (SWECPO) has drafted HB 1895 which would make it much easier for utilities to get power plants approved under the radar, hurt ratepayers and cut the public out of the commenting process. The bill can be found at <a href="http://www.arkleg.state.ar.us/assembly/2011/2011R/Pages/BillInformation.aspx?measureno=HB1895">http://www.arkleg.state.ar.us/assembly/2011/2011R/Pages/BillInformation.aspx?measureno=HB1895</a> <br />
This bill is bad on several levels:<br />
1) HB 1895, written by the utility Southwestern Electric Power Company (SWEPCO), would change the utility law that is the subject of pending litigation in suits where SWEPCO is a party. Changing the law right before a judge makes a ruling is not a tactic of which I want my legislature to be a part. <br />
2) This bill would create a “declaration of need” proceeding to determine whether there should be more electricity production in Arkansas, but not create public notice requirements for the proceeding. If a government agency is conducting a decision making process that could later on affect my utility rates, I want to make sure that I’m given the opportunity to be a part of that discussion. And I won’t know how to attend if the law doesn’t require me to be notified. <br />
3) HB 1895 would tip the scales to the utilities so that they can pressure government to raise electric rates even more. The bill would create a separate “declaration of need” proceeding where a determination for the need of increased electric capacity would provide the basis for utilities to recover new costs through increased rates. We, the ratepayers, would be stuck with higher bills. Unfortunately, it has already passed the Arkansas House. It is possible that this bill will wind up on the Senate floor, and we need concerned citizens to call their senators now and urge them to vote NO on HB 1895. In order to find your own senator, visit: <a href="http://www.arkansas.gov/senate/senatorSearch.html">http://www.arkansas.gov/senate/senatorSearch.html</a><br />
For more information about the bill, please contact: Lev Guter Associate Field Organizer Sierra Club - Arkansas lev.guter@sierraclub.org (941) 779-3337 </td></tr>
</tbody></table></div>aubuniquehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14281865213176006571noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5691877789641781013.post-78991531305183420372011-03-24T21:15:00.001-05:002011-03-24T21:15:09.782-05:00What Arkansas needs NOW!<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><br />
<b>Local Pipeline Safety Policy</b><br />
<a href="http://www.pstrust.org/resources/regs/local_pol.htm" target="_blank">http://www.pstrust.org/resources/regs/local_pol.htm</a><br />
<br />
<b>Model Setback Ordinance for Transmission Pipelines</b><br />
http://www.mrsc.org/Subjects/PubSafe/pipesetbackord.aspx<br />
<br />
<b>Myths and Misleading Statements About Oil and Natural Gas Pipelines</b><br />
http://www.pstrust.org/library/myths.htm <br />
</div>aubuniquehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14281865213176006571noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5691877789641781013.post-6473386189544773192011-03-16T12:29:00.000-05:002011-03-16T12:29:10.842-05:002010 video of dedication of Bennett House as OMNI Center for Peace Justice and Ecology and Demonstration in front of Blanche Lincoln's Fayetteville office<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="390" src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/Ys84kH6UxmY" title="YouTube video player" width="480"></iframe></div>aubuniquehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14281865213176006571noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5691877789641781013.post-66572146715951021462011-03-15T08:49:00.000-05:002011-03-15T08:49:18.416-05:00Tuesday, March 15<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><br />
<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><br />
<iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="390" src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/eLs73KJI36w" title="YouTube video player" width="640"></iframe><br />
<span class="ecxApple-style-span" style="border-collapse: separate; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: x-small; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><div lang="EN-US"><br />
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<span style="color: black; font-size: 14pt;">Peter Byck, director and producer, is coming to Fayetteville to screen his latest documentary, Carbon Nation, on </span><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><span class="ecxApple-style-span" style="color: #ff2b2b;">Tuesday, March 15, 2011, 7:00 pm at the University of Arkansas’ Global Campus on the square in Fayetteville</span></span><span style="color: black; font-size: 14pt;">. A second screening has been scheduled for 2:00 pm, same location. Fayetteville will be among the first cities in the nation to screen this film featuring climate change solutions. This event is </span><b><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">FREE</span></b><span style="color: black; font-size: 14pt;"> and open to the public.</span><span style="color: black; font-family: Tahoma,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div><br />
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<span style="color: black; font-size: 14pt;">Click here to see a trailer of the film: <a href="http://www.carbonnation.tv/" style="color: blue; text-decoration: underline;" target="_blank"><span style="color: blue;">www.carbonnation.tv</span></a>. Click here to reserve your ticket: <a href="https://secure.sceao.uark.edu/EventCalendar/default.aspx" style="color: blue; text-decoration: underline;" target="_blank"><span style="color: blue;">https://secure.sceao.uark.edu/EventCalendar/default.aspx</span></a></span><span style="color: black; font-family: Tahoma,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div><br />
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<span style="color: black; font-size: 14pt;">Brought to you by the UA Applied Sustainability Center, UA Global Campus, Osher Lifelong Learning Institute, the Arkansas Chapter of the Sierra Club, the League of Women Voters of Washington County, and Arkansas Interfaith Power & Light.</span><span style="color: black; font-family: Tahoma,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div><br />
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Managing Director</div><br />
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Applied Sustainability Center</div><br />
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University of Arkansas</div><br />
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Fayetteville, AR 72701</div><br />
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479.575.3044 (O) 479.200.8262 (C) <a href="http://www.asc.uark.edu/" style="color: blue; text-decoration: underline;" target="_blank">www.asc.uark.edu</a></div><br />
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Make your personal sustainability pledge: <a href="http://www.ecologicalcommunities.org/" style="color: blue; text-decoration: underline;" target="_blank">www.ecologicalcommunities.org</a></div><br />
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Set up your personal dashboard: <a href="http://www.earthaid.net/" style="color: blue; text-decoration: underline;" target="_blank">www.earthaid.net</a></div><br />
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</div>aubuniquehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14281865213176006571noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5691877789641781013.post-70704844785577018712011-03-05T11:19:00.002-06:002011-03-05T11:19:46.665-06:00Night before Streamside Ordinance was passed by City Council, it was discussed during Ward 4 meeting<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><object height="344" width="425"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/SDvMadoVTdw?hl=en&fs=1"></param><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"></param><param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"></param><embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/SDvMadoVTdw?hl=en&fs=1" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="425" height="344"></embed></object></div>aubuniquehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14281865213176006571noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5691877789641781013.post-89164645714609185582011-01-26T14:59:00.000-06:002011-01-26T14:59:13.677-06:00Second part of Jan. 26, 2007, video of OMNI annual meeting and discussion of creation of Carbon Caps Task Force<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><object height="344" width="425"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/_AD8fyyHons?hl=en&fs=1"></param><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"></param><param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"></param><embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/_AD8fyyHons?hl=en&fs=1" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="425" height="344"></embed></object></div>aubuniquehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14281865213176006571noreply@blogger.com0